ロシアの隕石落下や北朝鮮の核実験で、国際的な監視、測定網の重要性が証明された。
Eyes and ears p.281
Two explosions last week demonstrated the importance of global monitoring.
doi: 10.1038/494281b
Two explosions last week demonstrated the importance of global monitoring.
doi: 10.1038/494281b
That robust data are not collected on births, deaths and causes of death is a scandal. A new drive and greater investment are needed to grow the field of health metrics.
doi: 10.1038/494281a
Estimating the scale of the problem may allow us to arrest dangerous levels of overfishing.
doi: 10.1038/494282a
Loss of patent control could rekindle ‘terminator’ technology.
doi: 10.1038/494289a
Maturing technology speeds medical diagnoses.
doi: 10.1038/494290a
China launches world’s deepest particle-physics experiment — but it joins a crowded field.
doi: 10.1038/494291a
Italy’s researchers want change they can believe in.
doi: 10.1038/494293a
Geology and infrastructure could impede development.
doi: 10.1038/494294a
Venerable government adviser will fund grants with half-billion-dollar windfall.
doi: 10.1038/494295a
食、社会性、性といった行動を引き起こす神経回路を突き止めようと、小さな線虫を使って研究が行われている。
doi: 10.1038/494296a
セメント工業は温室効果ガスの大きな排出源の1つだが、セメントは既知物質の中でも最も複雑な物質の1つであり、排出削減は簡単ではない。
doi: 10.1038/494300a
ゲノムデータは、4,230年前にインドからオーストラリアへとヒトが移動した可能性を示している。だが、移動したこれらのヒトが飼い犬を連れ、道具を携えて行ったという推測を、これまでの報告と矛盾しないようにするのは難しい。
doi: 10.1038/494316a
生物の組織が、一生を通じて受けるストレスに対処する仕組みを知ることは、老化や病気について理解するために重要である。血液系の幹細胞はオートファジーという過程によって代謝ストレスを減らそうとしているらしい。
doi: 10.1038/nature11948
大気中の二酸化炭素量の測定値を斬新な方法で使うことで、21世紀に起こる気候変動に対する炭素サイクルの応答の推定範囲が絞り込まれた。これは熱帯林の立ち枯れに関する予測値を下げるものとなっている。
doi: 10.1038/nature11949
海洋細菌のSAR11系統に感染するウイルスがやっと見つかり、塩基配列が解読された。SAR11は広く存在するので、このようなウイルスは海洋中で、そしておそらくは生物圏全体で、最も大量に存在するウイルスである可能性がある。
doi: 10.1038/nature11951
成長速度が速い「ディフェクター変異体」は、細菌感染の成功を脅かす可能性がある。だが、ある種の細菌は、毒性遺伝子の発現を遮断した部分集団を形成することでこのようなただ乗りを乗り越えて増殖していく。
doi: 10.1038/494321a
Autophagy is shown to be an essential mechanism that protects haematopoietic stem cells from metabolic stress; the transcription factor FOXO3A maintains a pro-autophagy gene expression program that poises haematopoietic stem cells to rapidly mount a protective autophagic response upon metabolic stress.
doi: 10.1038/nature11895
In this study a supermassive black-hole mass is measured by tracing the motions of molecular gas clouds swirling around it, a technique that promises to allow measurements of black-hole mass in many more galaxies of all types than previously possible.
doi: 10.1038/nature11819
The diffraction of electrons through a nanoscale hologram that imprints a certain phase modulation on the electrons’ wavefunction produces a non-spreading electron Airy beam that follows a parabolic trajectory and can reconstruct its original shape after passing an obstacle.
doi: 10.1038/nature11840
The ionic crystal Ca2N is shown to be an electride in terms of [Ca2N]+·e−, with diffusive two-dimensional transport in dense electron layers.
doi: 10.1038/nature11812
A linear relationship between the sensitivity of tropical land carbon storage to warming and the sensitivity of the annual growth rate of atmospheric CO2 to tropical temperature anomalies provides a tight constraint on the sensitivity of tropical land carbon to climate change.
doi: 10.1038/nature11882
A genetic and behavioural study in related species of Nasonia wasps reveals how pheromone changes relevant to speciation could evolve through genes creating a new pheromone component by changing the stereochemistry of an existing pheromone molecule.
doi: 10.1038/nature11838
The resilience of a global sample of ecosystems to an increase in drought conditions is assessed, comparing data from the early twenty-first with the late twentieth century; results indicate a cross-ecosystem capacity for tolerating low precipitation and responding to high precipitation during recent warm drought and yet suggest a threshold to resilience with prolonged warm drought.
doi: 10.1038/nature11836
A phenotypically avirulent subpopulation of the intestinal pathogen Salmonella typhimurium promotes evolutionary stability of virulence.
doi: 10.1038/nature11913
Viruses are isolated from the SAR11 bacterial clade, the most abundant group of bacteria in the ocean, that were thought to be resistant to viral infection; because of the essential role of SAR11 in carbon cycling these viruses are also an important factor in biogeochemical cycling.
doi: 10.1038/nature11921
T-helper-1-cell cytokines tumour necrosis factor and interferon-γ are shown to drive tumour cells into senescence in a mouse model of β-cell carcinoma and human carcinoma cells.
doi: 10.1038/nature11824
The DNA cytosine deaminase APOBEC3B is shown to be overexpressed and highly active in most breast cancers; deamination by APOBEC3B could serve as an endogenous, continual source of DNA damage leading to mutations, including C-to-T transitions and other aberrations seen in many breast tumours.
doi: 10.1038/nature11881
The deubiquitinase OTUD7B is shown to regulate the non-canonical NF-κB pathway by inhibiting TRAF3 proteolysis.
doi: 10.1038/nature11831
MG53 acts as an E3 ligase that targets the insulin receptor and IRS1 for ubiquitin-dependent degradation; when MG53 is upregulated, metabolic syndrome ensues.
doi: 10.1038/nature11834
The crystal structure of the complex between the hydroxylase and regulatory component of soluble methane monooxygenase is presented, revealing how the latter component controls substrate access to the hydroxylase active site.
doi: 10.1038/nature11880
High-resolution cryo-electron microscopy shows that the Trypanosoma brucei kinetoplastid ribosome is characterized by the presence of large expansion segments, ribosomal-protein extensions and additional rRNA insertions, which may have implications for the protein-translation regulation process.
doi: 10.1038/nature11872
