遺伝子組換え作物の研究は、産業界とは離れた外部で行うべきだ。
Fields of gold p.5
Research on transgenic crops must be done outside industry if it is to fulfil its early promise.
doi: 10.1038/497005b
Research on transgenic crops must be done outside industry if it is to fulfil its early promise.
doi: 10.1038/497005b
The White House urgently needs to set out a clear plan for how it intends to monitor the state of Earth.
doi: 10.1038/497005a
The reform of English libel law is a victory, even if it doesn’t achieve everything that was hoped.
doi: 10.1038/497006a
Concentrations of greenhouse gas will soon surpass 400 parts per million at sentinel spot.
doi: 10.1038/497013a
Rush to publish on H7N9 avian flu upsets Chinese scientists.
doi: 10.1038/497014a
Failure to replicate intelligence-priming effects ignites row in research community.
doi: 10.1038/497016a
Slow US regulatory process highlights hurdles of getting engineered food animals to dinner tables.
doi: 10.1038/497017a
But experts debate US screening recommendations.
doi: 10.1038/497018a
Jeremy Farrar to lead one of world’s largest research charities.
doi: 10.1038/497019a
遺伝子組換え作物が巻き起こす、興奮と嫌悪の物語を掘り下げる。
doi: 10.1038/497021a
初めて市場に出てから約20年たつ遺伝子組換え作物の現状を数字で見る。
doi: 10.1038/497022a
トランスジェニック神話の誤りを暴く。
doi: 10.1038/497024a
商品化に向けて進んでいる新世代の遺伝子組換え作物は、「フランケンシュタイン食品」への恐れを和らげるかもしれない。
doi: 10.1038/497027a
海馬の場所細胞は、動物の空間世界についての情報をコードしている。ラットでは、これと同じ細胞が、行動開始前にこれからの行程を次々に予想することが、今回明らかにされた。
doi: 10.1038/nature12095
新たな証拠から地球のケイ酸塩成分の鉄同位体組成は、以前に考えられていたのは違って、高圧での地球核形成あるいは宇宙空間への物質の喪失のどちらをも反映していないことがわかった。
doi: 10.1038/497043a
タンパク質のアレスチンは、広く存在するGタンパク質共役受容体によって開始される細胞内シグナル伝達カスケードを調節している。2種類のアレスチンが、活性化の際に同じような構造変化を起こしていることが、結晶構造の研究から明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature12096
微小なシリコントランジスター中にある1個のエルビウム原子中のスピン状態がレーザー光を使って調べられた。こうして得られた知見はハイブリッドなスピン–光子量子計算アーキテクチャーに向かう道を開くものだ。
doi: 10.1038/497046a
エレクトロニクスと弾性材料との巧妙な組み合わせを使って、昆虫の目によく似た小型の視覚センサーが構築された。このデバイスは、ごく小型の無人航空機で使われる自律航法につながる道を開く。
doi: 10.1038/497047a
酵母ゲノムの解析から、開始部分と終止部分の塩基配列が異なる多様なRNA分子を、個々の遺伝子が産生していることが明らかになった。このような転写産物に見られる変動は、遺伝子調節機構の多様性を反映している。
doi: 10.1038/nature12098
アミノ酸残基の可逆的な酸化は、細胞内酵素の活性を直接調節することが可能である。この原理が脱ユビキチン化酵素にも当てはまることが今回明らかになり、これが細胞のシグナル伝達とタンパク質の代謝回転に関係していることが示唆された。
doi: 10.1038/497049a
Strongly connected and interdependent networks create risks of global-scale catastrophic failure; to make networked risks more manageable, it is suggested to establish a ‘Global Systems Science’.
doi: 10.1038/nature12047
This Perspective discusses the emerging advances in plant membrane transporters, which can be used to improve crop yields, nutritional value, and environmental stress resistance.
doi: 10.1038/nature11909
An integrative genomic analysis of several hundred endometrial carcinomas shows that a minority of tumour samples carry copy number alterations or TP53 mutations and many contain key cancer-related gene mutations, such as those involved in canonical pathways and chromatin remodelling; a reclassification of endometrial tumours into four distinct types is proposed, which may have an effect on patient treatment regimes.
doi: 10.1038/nature12113
It is known that compressed sequences of hippocampal place cells can ‘replay’ previous navigational trajectories in linearly constrained mazes; here, rat place-cell sequences representing two-dimensional spatial trajectories were observed before navigational decisions, and predicted the immediate navigational path.
doi: 10.1038/nature12112
High-resolution cryo-EM density maps are used to present the structures of Drosophila and human 80S ribosomes in complex with eEF2, E-site transfer RNA and Stm1-like proteins, and reveal the presence of two additional structural layers in the ribosomes of metazoan eukaryotes.
doi: 10.1038/nature12104
Entanglement of two electron spin qubits in diamond with a spatial separation of three metres is reported; such entanglement can be combined with recently achieved initialization, readout and entanglement operations on local long-lived nuclear spin registers, and paves the way for deterministic long-distance teleportation, quantum repeaters and extended quantum networks.
doi: 10.1038/nature12016
A hybrid approach to detecting individual defect spins in solids, whereby an optically induced spin change is detected electronically, offers the high fidelities required for quantum information processing devices.
doi: 10.1038/nature12081
Digital cameras with layouts inspired by the compound, hemispherical designs of arthropod eyes have been built by combining elastomeric optical elements with deformable arrays of thin silicon photodetectors.
doi: 10.1038/nature12083
The disappearance of non-mass-dependent sulphur isotope anomalies from the rock record is thought to indicate the increase in atmospheric oxygen concentration from its initial, persistently low level; however, as a result of long-term surface recycling these anomalies may in fact survive in the sedimentary record for as long as 100 million years after an increase in atmospheric oxygen.
doi: 10.1038/nature12021
Estimations of body shape and three-dimensional digital reconstructions of representative archosaurs along the ancestral bird line support hypotheses of a gradual, stepwise acquisition of more-crouched limb postures across much of theropod evolution but indicate that an accelerated change, rather than a discrete transition from more-upright postures, occurred within the clade Maniraptora (birds and their closest relatives, such as deinonychosaurs).
doi: 10.1038/nature12059
A proof of principle study shows that by exome sequencing of cell-free circulating DNA from cancer patient plasma samples, the genomic evolution of metastatic cancers and the acquisition of resistance in response to therapy can be tracked over time.
doi: 10.1038/nature12065
In Drosophila, olfactory sensory neurons project to spatially invariant loci (glomeruli) and stereotyped circuitry is maintained in projections to a brain centre thought to mediate innate behaviours; here it is shown that neurons of the mushroom body, a centre that translates olfactory information into learned behaviours, integrate input from an apparently random combination of glomeruli, which could allow the fly to contextualize novel sensory experiences.
doi: 10.1038/nature12063
The current model to explain accurate chromosome segregation after DNA replication holds that kinetochore–microtubule attachments exert tension across the centromere and are stabilized by spatial separation from inner centromere-localized Aurora B; here an alternative model is presented, wherein active Aurora B produced by clustering is sufficient to ensure biorientation through a mechanism that is intrinsic to the kinetochore.
doi: 10.1038/nature12057
The CXXC domains of TET2 (encoded by the distinct gene IDAX) and TET3 are found to have previously unknown roles in the regulation of TET proteins through the activation of caspases and subsequent reduction in TET catalytic activity; this regulation is dependent on DNA binding through the CXXC domain.
doi: 10.1038/nature12052
Variation among RNA transcript isoforms can be generated from alternative start and polyadenylation sites, and results in RNAs and proteins with different properties being generated from the same genomic sequence; here a new method termed transcript isoform sequencing is described in yeast, and the method allows a fuller exploration of transcriptome diversity across the compact yeast genome.
doi: 10.1038/nature12121
A mechanism is proposed for the formation of methane by bacteria, through the cleavage of a highly unreactive carbon–phosphorus bond in methyl phosphonate by PhnJ in the bacterial C–P lyase complex.
doi: 10.1038/nature12061
The crystal structure of β-arrestin-1 in complex with a fully phosphorylated 29-amino-acid carboxy-terminal peptide derived from the V2 vasopressin receptor is reported; the structure of the complex shows striking conformational differences in β-arrestin-1 when compared with its inactive conformation.
doi: 10.1038/nature12120
The crystal structure of arrestin-1 is reported, in which the activation step is mimicked by C-tail truncation; the structure of this pre-activated arrestin is markedly different from the basal state and gives an insight into the activation mechanism.
doi: 10.1038/nature12133
