イタリアが、未認可細胞治療をめぐって長く続いた混乱に終止符を打ち、正しい方向に動き出した。
When right beats might p.455
The final act in a long-running Italian saga should bring tighter controls on unproven stem-cell therapies, both at home and abroad.
doi: 10.1038/518455a
The final act in a long-running Italian saga should bring tighter controls on unproven stem-cell therapies, both at home and abroad.
doi: 10.1038/518455a
The use of technologies that objectively measure pain must be carefully monitored.
doi: 10.1038/518456b
Details of a climate-change sceptic’s links to the energy industry make worrying reading.
doi: 10.1038/518456a
UK launches effort to track children from birth, months after US counterpart closes.
doi: 10.1038/518463a
London biomedical powerhouse fears that proposed route will disrupt delicate science experiments.
doi: 10.1038/518464a
DeepMind computer provides new way to investigate how the brain works.
doi: 10.1038/518465a
Guidelines should assist in diagnosis of brain disease seen in retired American footballers.
doi: 10.1038/518466a
Graphical guide to the NASA missions that will provide the first close looks at Ceres and Pluto.
doi: 10.1038/518468a
冥王星の研究に生涯をかけてきたNASAの惑星科学者Young兄妹は現在、探査計画最大の山場に向けて準備を着々と進めている。
doi: 10.1038/518470a
痛みは、脳スキャン技術によって客観的に測定できる見込みがあるが、この方法が裁判に利用できるほどの信頼性があるかどうかは疑問視されている。
doi: 10.1038/518474a
人工知能システムの1つが、大量のトレーニングセットからの機械学習を使って49種の古典的コンピューターゲームのやり方を学び、多様なタスクに適応可能であることを実証した。
doi: 10.1038/518486a
バルカン半島の近接した地域に居住している2つの少数民族集団についての研究から、その地域でとれる植物資源についての伝統的知識が、地域社会が飢饉を生き延びるのに役立ち、さらに生物多様性の保全を促進している可能性があることが判明した。
doi: 10.1038/518487a
移植された幹細胞からあらゆる種類の血液細胞が生じる仕組みは多くの実験で調べられているが、擾乱を受けていない、生理的条件下でのこの過程はこれとは異なるものであることが分かってきた。
doi: 10.1038/nature14203
宇宙が9億歳に達しない若い時期に存在していた極めて大質量のブラックホールが見つかった。この観測結果は、若い宇宙におけるブラックホールと銀河の成長に関する手掛かりを与えてくれる。
doi: 10.1038/518490b
量子力学の「量子複製不可能」定理は、光子や電子の属性の完全な複製を作ることを禁じるものである。だが、量子テレポーテーションではそれらの完全な移動が可能であり、今回2つの属性であっても同時に移動できることが実証された。
doi: 10.1038/518491a
RNAのm6Aという構造修飾は遺伝子発現を調節している。この修飾は、珍しい制御機構を仲介することが分かった。m6AはRNAの構造を変化させることで、調節タンパク質がそのRNAに結合できるようにするのである。
doi: 10.1038/518492a
A whole-genome sequencing analysis of 100 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas has discovered known and newly identified genetic drivers of pancreatic cancer; these genetic alterations can be classified into four subtypes, which raises the possibility of improved targeting of clinical treatments.
doi: 10.1038/nature14169
The emRiboSeq sequencing method is used to track polymerase activity genome-wide in vivo; despite Okazaki fragment processing, DNA synthesized by error-prone polymerase-α (Pol-α) is retained in vivo and comprises ~1.5% of the genome, establishing Pol-α as an important source of genomic variability and providing a mechanism for site-specific variation in nucleotide substitution rates.
doi: 10.1038/nature14183
The crystal structure of the RAG1–RAG2 heterotetramer forms a Y-shaped structure, with each arm containing a RAG1–RAG2 heterodimer; the overall structure is reminiscent of hairpin-forming transposases, attesting to its evolutionary history as a specialized form of a transposition activity.
doi: 10.1038/nature14174
Observations of an ultraluminous quasar, SDSS J010013.02+280225.8, at redshift z = 6.30 show that the object has an optical and near-infrared luminosity a few times greater than those of previously known quasars at z > 6; the black hole that drives the quasar has a mass about 12 billion times that of the Sun.
doi: 10.1038/nature14241
The quantum teleportation of composite quantum states of a single photon encoded in both spin and orbital angular momentum is achieved, with a teleportation fidelity above the classical limit, by quantum non-demolition measurement assisted discrimination of the Bell states describing the entanglement of the two degrees of freedom.
doi: 10.1038/nature14246
The temperature-sensitive miscibility of hydrocarbon, silicone and fluorocarbon liquids is used to establish a one-step method of making three- and four-phase complex emulsions with highly controllable morphologies that can be alternated between encapsulated and Janus configurations by varying the balance of interfacial tensions.
doi: 10.1038/nature14168
Examination of amateur observations of Mars shows atmospheric plumes 200 to 250 kilometres high that are observed in the morning but not in the evening over a period of more than a week; our current understanding of Martian atmospheric dynamics and plume formation cannot account for the creation of such enormous plumes.
doi: 10.1038/nature14162
An artificial agent is developed that learns to play a diverse range of classic Atari 2600 computer games directly from sensory experience, achieving a performance comparable to that of an expert human player; this work paves the way to building general-purpose learning algorithms that bridge the divide between perception and action.
doi: 10.1038/nature14236
A tissue with many of the defining features of vertebrate cellular cartilage is shown to form transiently in larvae of the invertebrate chordate amphioxus, indicating that the origin of the vertebrate head skeleton depended not on evolution of a new skeletal tissue, as is commonly thought, but on the spread of this tissue throughout the head.
doi: 10.1038/nature14000
How socially transmitted behaviours spread and persist is shown in a wild animal population, revealing an effect of social conformity.
doi: 10.1038/nature13998
Inducible genetic labelling of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and linked mathematical modelling show that at least 30% of all HSCs are productive, and that adult haematopoiesis is largely sustained by ‘short-term’ downstream stem cells that operate near self-renewal in the steady state; HSC fate mapping provides a quantitative model for better understanding of HSC functions in health and disease.
doi: 10.1038/nature14242
To determine the origin of adult tissue-resident macrophages, a mouse lineage tracing study has revealed that these cells derive from erythro-myeloid progenitors in the yolk sac that are distinct from fetal and adult haematopoietic stem cells.
doi: 10.1038/nature13989
Somatic TP53 mutations are highly prevalent in therapy-related acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome, which arise as complications of cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy; although it was believed that these TP53 mutations are directly induced by cytotoxic therapy, new data indicate that they predate cytotoxic therapy and that haematopoietic progenitors harbouring these pre-existing mutations may selectively expand after exposure to chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
doi: 10.1038/nature13968
The core promoters of developmental and housekeeping genes are shown to have distinct specificities for different enhancer sequences in Drosophila, and this specificity separates developmental and housekeeping gene regulatory programs across the genome.
doi: 10.1038/nature13994
The binding motifs for many RNA-binding proteins are normally buried within structured regions; now, the N6-methyladenosine modification is shown to act as a switch to remodel these regions, expose the motif, and thereby facilitate binding of RNA-binding proteins.
doi: 10.1038/nature14234
