The success of an Ebola vaccine trial shows that clinical trials can be done under the difficult field conditions of an epidemic — if there is enough political and regulatory will.
doi: 10.1038/524005a
‘Gene drive’ techniques have the potential to alter whole populations. Regulators must catch up.
doi: 10.1038/524005b
Rapid result has implications for outbreak preparedness as well as West Africa’s epidemic.
doi: 10.1038/524013a
Physical oncologists complain that US National Cancer Institute programme has lost sight of its mission.
doi: 10.1038/524014a
Rapid alteration of gene pools could fight disease – and harm ecosystems.
doi: 10.1038/524016a
Digital map is step towards reconstructing a whole human brain.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.18105
Poorly designed studies leave future uncertain for sea dwellers.
doi: 10.1038/524018a
First observation of 2D tin can't confirm whether material can conduct electricity without heat loss.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.18113
じっくりと進む固相反応は、環境に優しい化学に役立つ可能性があると注目を集めている。
doi: 10.1038/524020a
次の感染症大流行に対する世界の備えは十分ではないが、西アフリカのエボラ大発生の恐ろしさが、状況を変えてくれることにつながるかもしれない。
doi: 10.1038/524022a
除去することでネットワークが極めて効果的に破壊されるノードを正確に狙うのは、効率の良いアルゴリズムの開発よりずっと容易になってきている。こうした作戦を適用できるものとしては、サイバーセキュリティーや疾病対策などが挙げられるだろう。
doi: 10.1038/524038a
血糖値の上昇を感知し、それに応じてインスリンを放出するように設計された、微細な針の付いた貼付吸収薬（パッチ）は、糖尿病患者が症状を管理するための、痛みがより少なく信頼性のより高い方法となるだろう。
doi: 10.1038/524039a
酵素のシチジンデアミナーゼが過剰発現されると、異常な修飾を受けたヌクレオチドがDNAに取り込まれるようになって、細胞死につながる。この知見は一部のがんの治療法につながるかもしれない。
doi: 10.1038/nature14638
銅とマンガンは、加工して薄膜にしてから有機分子と界面で接する形にすると、室温で磁性を示すようになることが分かった。この知見は新しい磁性材料の開発を期待させるものだ。
doi: 10.1038/524042a
尿素やシアン化物の分解産物であるシアン酸塩は、全球的な窒素サイクルに重要な役割を持つ微生物群の増殖と栄養の相互供給の基質として、単独で十分であることが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/nature14639
地球の植被は気候変動にどのように応答し、そうした応答は人類の土地利用に伴う変化とどのように比べられるのだろうか。モデル研究から、我々の知識はまだ極めて少ないことが明らかになった。こうした結果は、さらなる研究の必要性を知らせる呼び掛けとなる。
doi: 10.1038/524044a
リボソームは細胞のタンパク質とRNA分子からなる複合体で、タンパク質合成を行っている。リボソームの2つの主要なサブユニットが繋ぎ合わされた人工リボソームは、タンパク質合成過程に手を加えることを可能にしそうだ。
doi: 10.1038/nature14642
Genomic sequencing of 110 human small cell lung cancers identifies genomic signatures including nearly ubiquitous bi-allelic inactivation of TP53 and RB1, a role for NOTCH family genes, and somatic rearrangements that create an oncogenic version of TP73.
doi: 10.1038/nature14664
Solving the crystal structure of an exosome complex from yeast, bound to different RNA substrates, offers insights into how the exosome can be utilized for precise processing of some 3′ ends, such as that of the 5.8S rRNA, while other RNAs are degraded to completion.
doi: 10.1038/nature14865
The molecular basis of multidrug tolerance in chronic urinary tract infections is mediated by mutations in the N-subdomain-1 of the Escherichia coli HipA protein kinase.
doi: 10.1038/nature14662
A rigorous method to determine the most influential superspreaders in complex networks is presented—involving the mapping of the problem onto optimal percolation along with a scalable algorithm for big-data social networks—showing, unexpectedly, that many weak nodes can be powerful influencers.
doi: 10.1038/nature14604
By harnessing the charge transfer that takes place at the interface between a metal and a layer of molecules, the usually non-magnetic materials copper and manganese are made magnetic at room temperature.
doi: 10.1038/nature14621
The complex structure of zeolite ZSM-25 is determined and a family of related structures are identified by using electron diffraction to uncover the structural ‘coding’ within them; this enabled the synthesis of two more-complex zeolites in the family.
doi: 10.1038/nature14575
Although enzymes are able to cleave amide bonds in nature, it is difficult to selectively break the carbon–nitrogen bond of an amide using synthetic chemistry; now the activation and cleavage of these bonds using nickel catalysts is used to convert amides to esters.
doi: 10.1038/nature14615
Measurements of sediments eroded by the Mackenzie River reveal the widespread export of permafrost-derived biospheric carbon that is several thousand years old, and demonstrate its burial in the Arctic Ocean, suggesting that high-latitude rivers can act as important carbon dioxide sinks.
doi: 10.1038/nature14653
To better understand the relationship between input and output connectivity for neurons of interest in specific brain regions, a viral-genetic tracing approach is used to identify input based on a combination of neurons’ projection and cell type, as illustrated in a study of locus coeruleus noradrenaline neurons.
doi: 10.1038/nature14600
The genome sequences of 175 Ebola virus from five districts in Sierra Leone, collected during September–November 2014, show that the rate of virus evolution seems to be similar to that observed during previous outbreaks and that the genetic diversity of the virus has increased substantially, with the emergence of several novel lineages.
doi: 10.1038/nature14490
Analysis of 179 new Ebola virus sequences from patient samples collected in Guinea between March 2014 and January 2015 shows how different lineages evolved and spread in West Africa.
doi: 10.1038/nature14594
An analysis of 85 Ebola virus sequences collected in Guinea from July to November 2014 provides insight into the evolution of the Ebola virus responsible for the epidemic in West Africa; the results show sustained transmission of three co-circulating lineages, each defined by multiple mutations.
doi: 10.1038/nature14612
The ammonia-oxidizing archaeon Nitrososphaera gargensis can utilize cyanate as the only source of energy for growth due to the presence of a cyanase enzyme, and cyanase-encoding nitrite-oxidizing bacteria can work together with cyanase-negative ammonia oxidizers to collectively grow on cyanate via reciprocal feeding; cyanases are widespread in the environment according to metagenomic data sets, pointing to the potential importance of cyanate in the nitrogen cycle.
doi: 10.1038/nature14856
The GTPase dynamin provides the driving force for fission of membrane-bound vesicular structures; here, it is shown that dynamin-driven membrane fission proceeds in two mechanistically distinct stages that are separated by a metastable hemi-fission intermediate that requires GTP hydrolysis for progression to full fission.
doi: 10.1038/nature14509
Enzymes of the nucleotide salvage pathway are shown to have substrate selectivity that protects newly synthesized DNA from random incorporation of epigenetically modified forms of cytosine; a subset of cancer cell lines that overexpress cytidine deaminase (CDA) are sensitive to treatment with 5hmdC or 5fdC (oxidized forms of 5-methyl-cytosine), which leads to DNA damage and cell death, indicating the chemotherapeutic potential of these nucleoside variants for CDA-overexpressing cancers.
doi: 10.1038/nature14948
A ribosome with tethered subunits, ‘Ribo-T’, is engineered by making a hybrid RNA composed of ribosomal RNA of large and small subunits; Ribo-T can support cell growth in vivo in the absence of wild-type ribosomes, and is used to establish a fully orthogonal ribosome–mRNA system.
doi: 10.1038/nature14862
