気候変動との闘いのためには、熱帯雨林だけでなく、海洋沿岸生態系も重要視する必要がある。
Blue future p.255
Coastal wetlands can have a crucial role in the fight against climate change.
doi: 10.1038/529255b
Coastal wetlands can have a crucial role in the fight against climate change.
doi: 10.1038/529255b
Sexual harassment is rife in science. Universities must stop trying to save face: they must discipline perpetrators and support victims.
doi: 10.1038/529255a
Strict guidelines to improve the reproducibility of experiments are a welcome move.
doi: 10.1038/529256a
Knowledge about the drug's structure would help researchers understand what happened.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19189
Unusual battle among academic institutions holds key to gene-editing tool’s future use.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.17961
Gravitational signature hints at massive object that orbits the Sun every 20,000 years.
doi: 10.1038/529266a
Unprecedented Pacific Ocean campaign aims to improve forecasts for strong storms.
doi: 10.1038/529267a
Work that describes harm from crops was cited in Italian Senate hearing.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19183
ハワイ・カウアイ島の野生化したニワトリは、家畜化動物が再び野生に戻るとどうなるかを知る貴重な研究材料になる。
doi: 10.1038/529270a
米国が巨額の資金をつぎ込んで始めた全米生態観測施設ネットワーク（NEON）計画が、予算超過や計画の遅れに悩まされている。
doi: 10.1038/529274a
動物の系統樹からどの門が最初に枝分かれしたのか、というのは異論の多い問題である。今回、新たに行われた解析から、有櫛動物が他の全ての動物にとって姉妹群となるという説に疑問を投げ掛ける結果が得られ、分岐は「海綿動物が最初」という説が強力に押されている。このフォーラムでは、3人の進化生物学研究者がこの問題に関する証拠を慎重に評価している。
doi: 10.1038/529286a
マグネシウムは通常、地球の核の成分とは見なされていない。だが、内核にマグネシウムが存在することで、まだ解かれていない謎、つまり地球の磁場を生じさせているエネルギー源の実体が何かという問題を説明できるという説が提案されている。
doi: 10.1038/529288a
BETブロモドメインタンパク質の阻害物質は、がんの治療薬として有望視されているが、腫瘍細胞はこのような薬剤に対する耐性を獲得する可能性が高い。耐性の生じる機構の予測が行われ、今回報告された。
doi: 10.1038/nature16863
細菌症の1つである類鼻疽が原因の全球の死亡者数が、包括的なマッピングとモデリングから推定され、麻疹による死亡とほぼ同じ程度で、デング熱あるいはレプトスピラ症よりもかなり多いという結果が得られた。
doi: 10.1038/529290a
内在性膜タンパク質が再利用される際には、複数の酵素が連続的に働いてホスホイノシチドと呼ばれる一群の膜脂質を修飾していることが、今回明らかにされた。
doi: 10.1038/nature16868
草原のシステムレベルでの解析が全球的に行われ、生態学的群集における種の多様性と生物学的生産力を結び付けている交錯した経路について、興味をそそる手掛かりが得られた。
doi: 10.1038/nature16867
反物質原子である反水素の電荷中性が、これまでにない正確さで確証され、物理学における「最大級の謎」とされるもののいくつかを同時に解く可能性のある実験への道が開かれた。
doi: 10.1038/529294a
Two-photon calcium imaging reveals that the mouse retina contains more than 30 functionally distinct retinal ganglion cells, including some that have not been described before, exceeding current estimates and suggesting that the functional diversity of retinal ganglion cells may be much larger than previously thought.
doi: 10.1038/nature16468
To address the question of whether a recurrent tumour is genetically similar to the tumour at diagnosis, the evolution of medulloblastoma has been studied in both an in vivo mouse model of clinical tumour therapy as well as in humans with recurrent disease; targeted tumour therapies are usually based on targets present in the tumour at diagnosis but the results from this study indicate that post-treatment recurring tumours (compared with the tumour at diagnosis) have undergone substantial clonal divergence of the initial dominant tumour clone.
doi: 10.1038/nature16478
In-depth analyses of protein expression studies are used to derive a new codon-influence metric that correlates with global protein levels, mRNA levels and mRNA lifetimes in vivo, indicating tight coupling between translation efficiency and mRNA stability; genes redesigned based on these analyses consistently yield high protein expression levels both in vivo and in vitro.
doi: 10.1038/nature16509
Suppression of dipolar oscillation modes by strong magnetic fields in the cores of intermediate-mass red giant stars reveals that powerful magnetic dynamos were very common in the previously convective cores of these stars.
doi: 10.1038/nature16171
Using infrared wavelengths, micrometre-sized water-ice grains have been identified on the nucleus (which is mostly coated in a dark material) of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko.
doi: 10.1038/nature16190
Stochastic acceleration applied to 1,000 trapped antihydrogen atoms yields a 20-fold reduction of the experimental upper bound on the magnitude of the charge of antihydrogen, which is expected to be charge neutral.
doi: 10.1038/nature16491
Lithium–oxygen batteries allow oxygen to be reduced at the battery’s cathode when a current is drawn; in present-day batteries, this results in formation of Li2O2, but it is now shown that another high energy density material, namely LiO2, with better electronic conduction can be used instead as the discharge product, if the electrode is decorated with iridium nanoparticles.
doi: 10.1038/nature16484
Data-based projections suggest that the natural CO2 cycle could be amplified by up to ten times by 2100 in some oceanic regions if atmospheric CO2 concentrations continue to increase, which could detrimentally affect major fisheries.
doi: 10.1038/nature16156
The thermal conductivity of iron is now known to be much larger than had been thought, implying that thermal convection and radiogenic heating would not have been enough to sustain the Earth’s geodynamo; here it is shown that the precipitation of magnesium-bearing minerals from the core could have served as the required power source.
doi: 10.1038/nature16495
Data from grasslands across five continents show clear signals of numerous underlying mechanisms linking ecosystem productivity and species richness.
doi: 10.1038/nature16524
A case of inter-group violence among hunter-gatherers on the shores of Lake Turkana in Kenya 10,000 years ago.
doi: 10.1038/nature16477
Motor neurons in zebrafish are shown to be more than simply output neurons, since they are able to influence, through gap junctions, the strength of the input they receive from V2a interneurons and, thereby, the frequency and duration of locomotor activity.
doi: 10.1038/nature16497
In mouse embryonic stem cells converted to an epiblast fate in vitro—a state in which the cells can also gain germ cell fate if exposed to the signalling molecule BMP4—the sole expression of the transcription factor NANOG is shown to be sufficient to induce germ cell fate, in the absence of BMP4.
doi: 10.1038/nature16480
A mechanism for phosphoinositide conversion at endosomes to enable exit from the endosomal system, suggesting that defective phosphoinositide conversion at endosomes underlies X-linked centronuclear myopathy.
doi: 10.1038/nature16516
BET inhibitors that target bromodomain chromatin readers such as BRD4 are being explored as potential therapeutics in cancer; here triple-negative breast cancer cell lines are shown to respond to BET inhibitors and resistance seems to be associated with transcriptional changes rather than drug efflux and mutations, opening potential avenues to improve clinical responses to BET inhibitors.
doi: 10.1038/nature16508
Using super-resolution imaging to directly observe the three-dimensional organization of Drosophila chromatin at a scale spanning sizes from individual genes to entire gene regulatory domains, the authors find that transcriptionally active, inactive and Polycomb-repressed chromatin states each have a distinct spatial organisation.
doi: 10.1038/nature16496
