今週号の特集は「次の世代のために」についてだが、未来を決めるのは現在である。
Generation game p.381
A Nature special issue takes on the world of tomorrow — and the decisions shaping it today.
doi: 10.1038/530381b
A Nature special issue takes on the world of tomorrow — and the decisions shaping it today.
doi: 10.1038/530381b
t is worrying that US government departments are unable to divulge basic data on research projects involving human subjects. Such data should be publicly available to ensure volunteers’ safety.
doi: 10.1038/530381a
The loss of three key facilitators must not impede progress on emissions mitigation.
doi: 10.1038/530382a
Commercial use of genetically engineered yeast to make medicine has modest impact.
doi: 10.1038/530390a
Veteran cells to be retired in favour of fresh tumour samples grown in mice.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19364
System uses Landsat data to issue warnings just hours after tree loss is detected.
doi: 10.1038/530392a
Researchers suspect motives for a planned increase in felling are commercial, but forest administration cites pest control.
doi: 10.1038/530394a
People obeying commands feel less responsibility for their actions.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19408
Australian bill provokes rush of protests ahead of parliamentary deadline.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19419
現在の研究者が、これからの世界について考えなくてはならないのはなぜだろうか。
doi: 10.1038/530397a
科学技術は、かつてないほどの速さで変化し続けており、想像すらできない世界が生み出される可能性がある。
doi: 10.1038/530398a
ゲノム編集は、今後の世代にとって、本当に万能の解決策になるのだろうか。
doi: 10.1038/530402a
患者自身の体のタンパク質断片で覆ったナノ粒子が、免疫系のT細胞にこのような自己抗原が関わる自己免疫反応を抑制する調節機能を発揮するように誘導することが示された。
doi: 10.1038/nature17300
DNAやRNA中のアデニン塩基上のN1-メチル基の存在は、損傷を表す形態の1つだと考えられてきた。今回新たに得られた結果は、こういうメチル化がメッセンジャーRNA中の特定の部位でも起こっていて、タンパク質の発現に影響を及ぼしていることを示している。
doi: 10.1038/530423a
マウスの歯について報告されていて、多くの哺乳類に共通とされる発生機構に基づくモデルが、絶滅したヒト族の歯のサイズを正確に予測できると分かった。このことは、我々が属する現生人類では第3大臼歯が小型であることの説明になるかもしれない。
doi: 10.1038/530425a
大気中二酸化炭素の海洋への流入量のシミュレーションから、人間の活動に伴う流入量の変化、現在は自然に起きている気候変動によって隠されているが、近い将来はっきり認められるようになることが示された。
doi: 10.1038/530426a
今回、電波の強いパルスである高速電波バーストの1つが、地球からの距離が既知の銀河と関連付けられた。これによって、このようなバーストの性質の解明が進み、宇宙のプローブとしての使い方が変わると予想される。
doi: 10.1038/530427a
It is known that there was gene flow from Neanderthals to modern humans around 50,000 years ago; now, analysis of a Neanderthal genome from the Altai Mountains in Siberia reveals evidence of gene flow 100,000 years ago in the other direction—from early modern humans to Neanderthals.
doi: 10.1038/nature16544
Nanoparticles coated with autoantigenic peptides bound to MHC class II molecules suppress established autoimmune disease by inducing antigen-specific TR1-like regulatory T cells in mouse and humanized mouse models.
doi: 10.1038/nature16962
Here the m1A modification is discovered in messenger RNA and mapped at the transcriptome-wide level; the modification is conserved, dynamic, accumulates in structured regions around translation initiation sites upstream of the first splice site, and correlates with higher protein expression.
doi: 10.1038/nature16998
Crystal structures of the SET domains of MLL3 and a mutant MLL1 either unbound or complexed with domains from RBBP5 and ASH2L are determined; a combination of structural, biochemical and computational analyses reveals a two-step activation mechanism of MLL family proteins, which may be relevant for other histone methyltransferases.
doi: 10.1038/nature16952
Observations of a six-day-long radio transient following a fast radio burst have yielded the host galaxy’s redshift, which, combined with the dispersion measure, provides a direct measurement of the cosmic density of ionized baryons in the intergalactic medium including all of the so-called ‘missing baryons’.
doi: 10.1038/nature17140
Detecting the quantum states of molecules is harder than detecting those of atoms; here, a way around this problem is found by co-trapping a molecular and an atomic ion, using the state of the atomic ion to non-destructively determine that of the molecular ion.
doi: 10.1038/nature16513
By exciting high-temperature K3C60 with mid-infrared pulses, a large increase in carrier mobility is obtained, accompanied by the opening of a gap in the optical conductivity; these same signatures are observed at equilibrium when cooling K3C60 below the superconducting transition temperature of 20 kelvin, which could be an indication of light-induced high-temperature superconductivity.
doi: 10.1038/nature16522
A complex containing five atoms of iron is shown to be a highly efficient and robust water oxidation catalyst owing to the presence of redox flexibility, which enables charge accumulation and electron transfer, and the presence of adjacent active sites that enables intramolecular O–O bond formation.
doi: 10.1038/nature16529
A climate modelling experiment is used to identify where ocean carbon uptake should change as a result of anthropogenic climate change and to distinguish these changes from internal climate variability; we may be able to detect changing uptake in some oceanic regions between 2020 and 2050, but until then, internal climate variability will preclude such detection.
doi: 10.1038/nature16958
In human societies, individuals who violate social norms may be punished by third-party observers who have not been harmed by the violator; this study suggests that a reason why the observers are willing to punish is to be seen as more trustworthy by the community.
doi: 10.1038/nature16981
The inhibitory cascade, an activator–inhibitor mechanism that affects relative tooth size in mammals, produces the default pattern of tooth sizes for all lower primary postcanine teeth in hominins.
doi: 10.1038/nature16972
Re-expression of the Shank3 gene in adult mice results in improvements in synaptic protein composition and spine density in the striatum; Shank3 also rescues autism-like features such as social interaction and grooming behaviour, and the results suggest that aspects of autism spectrum disorders may be reversible in adulthood.
doi: 10.1038/nature16971
A small molecule, inhibitor of a protein–protein interaction between the transcription factor Pdr1 and the Med15 subunit of Mediator in the fungal pathogen Candida glabrata, is identified and characterized here; the compound iKIX1 inhibits Pdr1-mediated gene activation and resensitizes drug-resistant C. glabrata to azole antifungals in vitro and in animal models of disseminated and urinary tract infection.
doi: 10.1038/nature16963
Tumours can require certain amino acids for their proliferation, and the diricore method described here helps to identify such restrictive amino acids; using this method in kidney cancer tissue and breast carcinoma cells, the authors observe an association between proline deficiency and upregulation of PYCR1, an enzyme required for proline synthesis.
doi: 10.1038/nature16982
As fruitfly epithelial cells round up during mitosis, tricellular junctions serve as spatial landmarks, encoding information about interphase cell shape directionality to orient mitosis, and promoting geometric and mechanical sensing in epithelial tissues.
doi: 10.1038/nature16970
The structure of E. coli Cascade bound to foreign target DNA is presented, revealing the basis of the relaxed Cascade PAM recognition specificity, which results from its interaction with the minor groove, and demonstrating how a wedge in Cascade forces the directional pairing of the target strand with CRISPR RNA while stabilizing the non-target displaced strand.
doi: 10.1038/nature16995
