ヒトの全ての主要な組織における遺伝子発現と調節を調べるGTEx（Genotype-Tissue Expression）プロジェクトの長年の努力が、実を結んだ。
A more personal view p.157
Long-planned genetic catalogue probes gene regulation.
doi: 10.1038/550157a
Long-planned genetic catalogue probes gene regulation.
doi: 10.1038/550157a
Organic matter drifts down to the equatorial ocean floor in distinct patterns.
doi: 10.1038/550158b
Annual jamborees fail to ignite public passion but are crucial to progress on global-warming.
doi: 10.1038/550158a
Tribal leaders are developing a policy for genetic research and data sharing, potentially ending a 15-year moratorium.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.22780
If officials don't act soon, research institutions could start shutting down next year.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.22757
Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson share the prize for developing a technique to image biomolecules.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.22738
Ecologists catalogue bird and mammal populations as warming transforms Death Valley.
doi: 10.1038/550168a
Project obtains tissues from recently deceased individuals to look for the origins of disease.
doi: 10.1038/550169a
米国ハンフォード核施設の核廃棄物の処理計画が、数十年に及ぶ遅延の末に、ようやく動き始めた。
doi: 10.1038/550172a
Anne Wojcickiが起業した遺伝子検査会社23andMeの、立ち上げから、深刻な危機を経て、再び科学的に脚光を浴びるようになるまでをたどる。
doi: 10.1038/550174a
今回、複数の論文によって、健常組織における遺伝子変異と遺伝子発現のさまざまな関連性が調べられている。これは、この種の分析ではこれまでで最大のものである。
doi: 10.1038/550190a
群論と呼ばれる数学の一分野の基本的な構成要素であるパライアには、物理学や群論以外の数学分野とつながりがないように思われる。今回、そうしたつながりが特定された。
doi: 10.1038/nature24147
がん細胞は、治療に使われている薬剤に対して依存性を持つようになることがあり、生き残るにはその薬剤が必要になる。その根底にある機構を分析して、この現象を利用する臨床戦略の可能性が明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature24148
液体金属は、熱輸送に有効な流体であるが、高温で液体金属をポンプ輸送するのは、固体金属を腐食させるため限界がある。今回、この課題への取り組みとして、セラミックスのみを使う巧妙なポンプ設計が報告された。
doi: 10.1038/550194b
GDF15タンパク質の受容体が発見され、これが緊急経路、つまり、がん、組織の損傷やストレスに応答して体重を減少させる神経回路を通して、摂食を調節していることが示唆された。
doi: 10.1038/nature24143
遠くにある準惑星ハウメアの観測によって、そのサイズ、形状、密度が絞り込まれ、周囲に惑星環が存在することが明らかになった。この発見は、太陽系では環がこれまで考えられていたほどまれではないことを示唆している。
doi: 10.1038/550197a
By using ceramics for the mechanical and sealing components of a mechanical pump, liquid metal can be circulated continuously at temperatures at least as high as 1,673 kelvin.
doi: 10.1038/nature24054
Samples of different body regions from hundreds of human donors are used to study how genetic variation influences gene expression levels in 44 disease-relevant tissues.
doi: 10.1038/nature24277
In Escherichia coli, the control of RNA polymerase backtracking by transcription elongation factors impairs DNA break repair by affecting RecBCD resection and consequently RecA loading at sites far removed from the original DNA break.
doi: 10.1038/nature23907
Observations of a stellar occultation of Haumea, one of the four known trans-Neptunian dwarf planets, constrain its size, shape and density, and reveal a ring coplanar with Haumea’s largest moon.
doi: 10.1038/nature24051
Light-field-driven control of electrons in a conductor is demonstrated by inducing a current by laser pulses in graphene that is sensitive to the carrier-envelope phase.
doi: 10.1038/nature23900
Layer-by-layer stacking enables the construction of transition-metal dichalcogenide van der Waals heterostructures with high-quality, uniform interfaces and tunable electrical properties.
doi: 10.1038/nature23905
By exploiting geometric constraints and interfacial forces instead of chemistry, colloidal clusters can be controllably coalesced into particles with uniformly distributed surface patches.
doi: 10.1038/nature23901
The authors show that rare genetic variants contribute to large gene expression changes across diverse human tissues and provide an integrative method for interpretation of rare variants in individual genomes.
doi: 10.1038/nature24267
Multiple transcriptome approaches, including single-cell sequencing, demonstrate that escape from X chromosome inactivation is widespread and occasionally variable between cells, chromosomes, and tissues, resulting in sex-biased expression of at least 60 genes and potentially contributing to sex-specific differences in health and disease.
doi: 10.1038/nature24265
Using the GTEx data and others, a comprehensive analysis of adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing in mammals is presented; targets of the various ADAR enzymes are identified, as are several potential regulators of editing, such as AIMP2.
doi: 10.1038/nature24041
GDNF receptor alpha-like is a brainstem-restricted receptor for growth and differentiation factor 15, regulating appetite and body weight in non-homeostatic conditions by activating the emergency circuit response to disease and toxin stresses.
doi: 10.1038/nature24042
Deletion of the Hippo pathway component Salvador in mouse hearts with established ischaemic heart failure after myocardial infarction induces a reparative genetic program with increased scar border vascularity, reduced fibrosis, and recovery of pumping function.
doi: 10.1038/nature24045
In budding yeast, glucose withdrawal, via the Rag GTPases, leads to TORC1 inhibition through its re-organization into a giant, vacuole-associated helix named a TOROID (TORC1 organized in inhibited domain).
doi: 10.1038/nature24021
The identification of an ERK2–JUNB–FRA1 signalling pathway that drives addiction to therapeutic drugs in cancer cells, and an ERK2-dependent phenotype switch that precedes cell death after drug withdrawal, may help to guide therapies that exploit the addiction phenotype.
doi: 10.1038/nature24037
Herpesvirus saimiri expresses a small nuclear RNA named HSUR2, with which it recruits two cellular microRNAs to repress specific mRNA targets and thereby inhibit apoptosis in infected T cells.
doi: 10.1038/nature24034
The class 2 type VI RNA-guided RNA-targeting CRISPR–Cas effector Cas13 can be engineered for RNA knockdown and binding, expanding the CRISPR toolset with a flexible platform for studying RNA in mammalian cells and therapeutic development.
doi: 10.1038/nature24049
