ジカ熱が国際的に懸念される問題となっており、その脅威の程度ついて、早急な評価が必要だ。
The next steps on Zika p.5
With birth defects blamed on the virus now deemed a matter of international concern, researchers must work fast to assess the extent of the threat.
doi: 10.1038/530005a
With birth defects blamed on the virus now deemed a matter of international concern, researchers must work fast to assess the extent of the threat.
doi: 10.1038/530005a
The European Union has its issues, but a Brexit could spell problems for science.
doi: 10.1038/530006b
US policymakers must set aside their divisions and give climate research a much-needed boost.
doi: 10.1038/530006a
Organization says spike might be the result of heightened awareness because of possible link to Zika — but not everyone agrees.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19259
If the United Kingdom leaves the EU, researchers throughout the bloc will feel the effects.
doi: 10.1038/530015a
Columbia courts philanthropic benefactors to support research in impacts and adaptation.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19260
Industry and researchers push for ways to assess memory and concentration deficits.
doi: 10.1038/530017a
Research clusters emerge as the big success of Germany’s Excellence Initiative — despite its focus on elite institutes.
doi: 10.1038/530018a
Team at Francis Crick Institute permitted to use CRISPR–Cas9 technology in embryos for early-development research.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19270
乾燥地帯が南北の極方向へ急激に拡大しており、その原因を究明しようと研究が始まっている。
doi: 10.1038/530020a
がっちりした剛体ロボットだけでなく、ぐにゃぐにゃと柔らかい伸縮性のある新世代のロボットが登場している。
doi: 10.1038/530024a
水分解反応は、再生可能エネルギーに通じる有望な道の1つである。今回、水分解反応の触媒の1つで、触媒ホットスポットと共触媒を配置するのに最適の位置とが特定され、将来の触媒設計の指針が得られた。
doi: 10.1038/530036a
線虫がさまざまな条件下で置かれた際の時間に対する生存率をプロットすると、時間軸のスケールを変更することで、それらを重ね合わせられることが分かった。この観察結果は、老化の本質に対する我々の理解にとって広範囲にわたる影響を及ぼす。
doi: 10.1038/nature16873
タンパク質のα-シヌクレインはパーキンソン病に関わっているが、その天然状態の構造については異論が多い。このタンパク質は生きている細胞内にある場合でも無秩序な構造を維持していることが、今回インセル核磁気共鳴法を使って明らかにされた。
doi: 10.1038/nature16871
超短可視光パルスに対する原子中の電子の応答を、その原子が放出する紫外線を測定することで調べることができた。この結果から、応答が生じる前に有限の時間遅延が生じることが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/530041a
結合組織中にあって繊維芽細胞として知られている細胞が果たす役割は多様であり、新しい機能がさらに次々と見つかっている。繊維芽細胞には、そのサブタイプによって炎症と関連のある腸がんを悪化させるものや、抑制するものがあることが、今回明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/530042a
海底に生息する平たい蠕虫の一種である珍渦虫について、新たに見つかった4種類を含めて系統発生解析が行われ、この生物が左右相称動物、つまり左右対称な形の動物の進化系統樹の根の所に位置することを裏付ける結果が得られた。
doi: 10.1038/530043a
Atomic resolution in-cell NMR and EPR spectroscopy show that the human amyloid protein α-synuclein remains disordered within all mammalian cells tested, including neurons, and identifies which parts of the protein dynamically interact or remain shielded from the cytoplasm, thus counteracting aggregation under physiological cell conditions.
doi: 10.1038/nature16531
By examining viral sequences in lymphoid tissue from three HIV-1-infected individuals receiving drug therapy, the authors find phylogenetic evidence for ongoing virus replication, suggesting that the antiretroviral drug concentration in the lymphoid tissue is insufficient to fully suppress the virus; using a mathematical model, they further explain why drug resistance does not necessarily arise as a result.
doi: 10.1038/nature16933
Genomic studies of the paediatric brain tumour medulloblastoma have revealed four clinically distinct molecular subgroups; here active gene regulatory elements in 28 primary medulloblastoma tissues are mapped to reveal differentially regulated enhancers across the different subgroups, allowing insights into the transcription factors that characterize subgroup divergence and the cellular origin of the poorly characterized Group 3 and 4 subgroups.
doi: 10.1038/nature16546
The precise mass, bulk density, porosity and internal structure of the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko are calculated, on the basis of its gravity field, showing it to be dusty, homogeneous, low-density and highly porous.
doi: 10.1038/nature16535
Intense light pulses in the visible and adjacent spectral ranges with their energy mostly confined to a half wave cycle—optical attosecond pulses—are synthesized and used to measure the time it takes electrons to respond to light.
doi: 10.1038/nature16528
Electronic implants are often used in diagnosing and treating human illness, but permanent implants come with problems; here, devices are described that can sense temperature, pressure, pH or thermal characteristics, and—crucially—are fully resorbable by the body.
doi: 10.1038/nature16492
Using single-molecule fluorescence imaging of photoelectrocatalysis, the charge-carrier activities on single TiO2 nanorods and the corresponding water-oxidation photocurrent are mapped at high spatiotemporal resolution, revealing the best catalytic sites and the most effective sites for depositing an oxygen evolution catalyst.
doi: 10.1038/nature16534
Deformation experiments on lawsonite reveal that unstable fault slip occurs during dehydration reactions with continuous acoustic emission signals; this indicates the potential for unstable frictional sliding in natural lawsonite layers, which could possibly be the source of intermediate-depth earthquakes in cold subduction zones.
doi: 10.1038/nature16501
Historical assessment of nectar provision in the UK from the 1930s to 2007 shows an initial dramatic fall, but more recently nectar provision has increased; the diversity of nectar sources has fallen to the point that four species now produce half of the total UK nectar.
doi: 10.1038/nature16532
Robust phylogenetic analysis based on transcriptomes of Xenoturbella and acoelomorph worms shows that Xenacoelomorpha is an early bilaterian lineage forming the sister group to Nephrozoa.
doi: 10.1038/nature16520
Description of four new species of Xenoturbella and phylogenomic analyses, aligning Xenacoelomorpha as sister group to the rest of Bilateria, or as sister to Protostomia.
doi: 10.1038/nature16545
Lentivirus-based transgenic Macaca fascicularis monkeys are generated expressing the human MECP2 transgene in the brain, and they display behavioural alterations including changes in social interaction and increased anxiety; germline transmission of the transgene to the F1 offspring is shown, and these monkeys also had an altered social interaction phenotype.
doi: 10.1038/nature16533
A diverse range of molecular and genetic manipulations all alter lifespan distributions of Caenorhabditis elegans by an apparent stretching or shrinking of time.
doi: 10.1038/nature16550
An adeno-associated virus (AAV) receptor protein essential for AAV2 entry into cells is identified; AAV receptor binds directly to the virus, and its ablation renders a diverse range of mammalian cell types and mice resistant to infection by AAV of multiple serotypes.
doi: 10.1038/nature16465
Genome-wide binding profiles for eight different chromatin remodellers in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells are determined at single nucleosome resolution; each remodeller binds at specific nucleosome positions relative to the start of genes, and the same remodeller acts as a positive or negative regulator of transcription depending on the promoter chromatin organization and epigenetic marking of the gene it binds.
doi: 10.1038/nature16505
