The EU’s fresh round of billion-euro Flagship research projects must be open to all types of science.
doi: 10.1038/540483a
But don’t fall for an old chestnut.
doi: 10.1038/540484a
Studies that inform policies on retirement need to assess occupations as well.
doi: 10.1038/540484b
Shift in focus comes in response to a changing world order and the threat of terrorism.
doi: 10.1038/540491a
Concerned by president-elect’s choice of advisers, researchers take steps to defend their fields.
doi: 10.1038/540492a
Third global fleet will soon be joined by Asian counterparts, setting the atmosphere abuzz with scientifically-useful radio-wave signals.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.21183
Programme aims to prevent crises similar to the recent Ebola epidemic.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.21134
Climate accords, controversial assisted reproduction and the CRISPR patent battle are among the year's top stories.
doi: 10.1038/540496a
Includes storms from space, southern stars and a striking cell.
doi: 10.1038/540500a
今年の科学を大きく変えたのは、どのような人たちだろうか。
doi: 10.1038/540507a
極めて早期の乳がんで腫瘍細胞の播種が起こる機構が、マウスを使った2つの研究によって突き止められた。2つの研究は共に、このような細胞は、後期に播種される腫瘍細胞よりもずっと効率よく遠隔組織に定着することを明らかにしている。
doi: 10.1038/nature21104
適切な金属イオンと有機化合物のリンカーを使えば自己集合によってケージ状構造体を形成できるが、集合体のサイズには限界があった。一連の新しいケージ構造が発見されるという意外な結果は、自己集合の研究をさらに拡大することになりそうだ。
doi: 10.1038/540529a
プラークの沈着は動脈がカーブしていて血流が乱れがちな部分に起こることが多い。内皮細胞がこれまで知られていなかったシグナル伝達経路を介して血流に応答し、これがプラーク形成に影響することが今回明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature20489
ツノザメの一種Squalus acanthiasは背びれに棘が生えていて、この棘は速く泳げば泳ぐほど硬くなり、さまざまな速度で効率よく泳げるようになることが分かった。この知見はロボット材料の設計にヒントを与えるものとなるかもしれない。
doi: 10.1038/nature21102
準惑星ケレスの観測から、極域の永続的に陰となっている領域が水氷を捕捉・保存していることが明らかになり、惑星体上に水のリザーバーが作られる過程に関する貴重な情報が得られた。
doi: 10.1038/nature21108
量子スピン液体は、物質のエキゾチック状態の1つであり、その存在が最初に予測されたのは40年以上前である。ある無機材料の性質がこうした予測と合致することが分かり、量子物質の性質の詳細が明らかになってきた。
doi: 10.1038/540534a
今年度掲載されたNews & Viewsの中から編集部が精選した記事の抜粋。
doi: 10.1038/540536a
Profiling the total RNA of 220 invertebrate species leads to the discovery of almost 1,500 new species of RNA virus, revealing that the RNA virosphere is much more diverse than was previously thought.
doi: 10.1038/nature20167
The identification of an intestinal microbiome signature that persists after successful dieting in obese mice and contributes to faster weight regain upon re-exposure to an obesity-promoting diet, and that transmits the altered weight regain phenotype to non-dieting mice.
doi: 10.1038/nature20796
Two related papers show that cells disseminated from malignant lesions at early time points during tumorigenesis can contribute to metastases at distant organs and provide insights into the molecular basis of dissemination.
doi: 10.1038/nature20785
A spin excitation continuum across a large region of the Brillouin zone that persists at near-zero temperatures provides evidence for a quantum spin liquid state with a spinon Fermi surface in YbMgGaO4.
doi: 10.1038/nature20614
Graph theory is used to guide the self-assembly of a complex consisting of 48 palladium ions and 96 ligands, with the topology of a tetravalent Goldberg polyhedron.
doi: 10.1038/nature20771
There is an abrupt transition from alkaline to acid soil pH when mean annual precipitation exceeds mean annual potential evapotranspiration, demonstrating that climate creates a nonlinear pattern in soil solution chemistry at the global scale.
doi: 10.1038/nature20139
The Agulhas Current has not intensified since the early 1990s, but has instead broadened as a result of more eddy activity.
doi: 10.1038/nature19853
Treatment with signalling precursors of trehalose-6-phosphate allows light-triggered release of trehalose-6-phosphate in Arabidopsis thaliana and increases the yield and drought resistance of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum).
doi: 10.1038/nature20591
YAP and TAZ, effectors of the Hippo pathway, sense mechanical forces generated by blood flow and play a role in atherosclerosis pathogenesis.
doi: 10.1038/nature20602
Mice deficient in the protein NLRC3 are highly prone to colitis and tumour development in the colon as NLRC3 suppresses the activation of mTOR signalling pathways that help drive tumorigenesis.
doi: 10.1038/nature20597
Two related papers show that cells disseminated from malignant lesions at early time points during tumorigenesis can contribute to metastases at distant organs and provide insights into the molecular basis of dissemination.
doi: 10.1038/nature20609
Heat shock drives the expression of transcripts that bypass mRNA quality control for direct export and translation, allowing cells to survive extreme situations at the cost of accuracy.
doi: 10.1038/nature20572
The authors report the structure of the assembled membrane spanning ring forming proteins of the Salmonella Typhimurium injectisome basal body, including the first atomic structure of a member of the secretin family of outer-membrane pores.
doi: 10.1038/nature20576
The authors report a 2.6 Å resolution crystal structure of the human CB1 cannabinoid receptor trapped in the inactive conformation and bound to the antagonist taranabant.
doi: 10.1038/nature20613
Structures of budding yeast RNA polymerase I in a catalytically active conformation are presented and confirmed by visualizing processive transcription along ribosomal DNA genes; they support a general model for transcription elongation in which contracted and expanded polymerase conformations are associated with active and inactive states, respectively.
doi: 10.1038/nature20561
