科学は「真実と無知との闘い」という単純なものではなく、政治にアンチ科学のレッテル貼りをするのはよくない。
Beware the anti-science label p.133
Presenting science as a battle for truth against ignorance is an unhelpful exaggeration.
doi: 10.1038/545133b
Presenting science as a battle for truth against ignorance is an unhelpful exaggeration.
doi: 10.1038/545133b
Researchers must stand up to funders that insist on gagging clauses.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.21948
An intellectual free-for-all doesn’t lead to the common ground on which research can build.
doi: 10.1038/545134a
Algorithms help to produce precise maps of where people in developing countries live and work.
doi: 10.1038/545141a
Scientists are split over whether limiting grant support to individuals will help young researchers or hurt collaboration.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.21949
Immune cells that encompass and invade tumours could dictate the success or failure of therapy.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.21931
By converting a defunct communications dish, astronomers are breaking ground on Earth and beyond.
doi: 10.1038/545144a
Rise in copyright breaches prompts industry to discuss ways to allow ‘fair sharing’ of articles.
doi: 10.1038/545145a
中国では偽の研究試薬が横行しており、こうした事態に一部の科学者たちは反撃を試みている。
doi: 10.1038/545148a
多能性幹細胞は、あらゆる種類の細胞を生み出すが、in vitroで増殖させるとがんを生じる遺伝子変異を獲得する場合があることが今回分かった。この知見は、基礎研究や臨床における多能性細胞の使用に影響を及ぼす。
doi: 10.1038/nature22490
南アジアの一部と中央アジアの人々、経済、農業は山々から流れる水に依存している。こうした地域の一部では、特に氷河の融解が干ばつの重要な水源であることが、今回モデリングによって示唆された。
doi: 10.1038/545161a
膜全体にまたがるATPアーゼと呼ばれる酵素の結晶構造から、この酵素は複雑な運動をすることが以前明らかにされている。今回、この運動には、膜の決まった位置での揺動が含まれることが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature22492
仲介原子を使って近傍分子のエネルギー状態を調べ、極めて高い精度の分光法に不可欠な「量子重ね合わせ」を生成する、新たな分子操作法が開発された。
doi: 10.1038/545164a
紫外光はDNAを損傷することがあり、遺伝子転写の全般的な停止の引き金となるが、一部の遺伝子は紫外光によって活性化される。この直感に反したふるまいを調べたところ、意外な遺伝子調節機構が明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature22488
オンラインディスカッションにおける個人攻撃の横行と影響の解明は、困難である。クラウドソーシングと機械学習を組み合わせた手法によって解明が進む可能性があるが、限界も考慮しなければならない。
doi: 10.1038/545166a
Glaciers in the high mountains of Asia provide a uniquely drought-resilient source of water, supplying summer meltwater sufficient for the basic needs of 136 million people.
doi: 10.1038/nature22062
The first large, high-coverage whole-genome sequencing study of melanomas from cutaneous, acral and mucosal sites.
doi: 10.1038/nature22071
Thalamic neurons show selective persistent activity that predicts movement direction, and their photoinhibition decreases activity in the anterior lateral motor cortex, and vice versa, suggesting that persistent activity requires reciprocal excitation in a thalamocortical loop.
doi: 10.1038/nature22324
LGR5+ cells in human colorectal cancer tissue xenografted into mice act as cancer stem cells, and differentiated cancer cells can revert to cancer stem cells and express LGR5 after ablation of existing LGR5+ cells.
doi: 10.1038/nature22081
Solvent contrast modulation reveals how the lipid bilayer actively participates in the conformational switches of Ca2+-ATPase through the actions of tryptophan, arginine and lysine residues, which function as membrane floats and anchors.
doi: 10.1038/nature22357
Interferometric telescope observations of the Jovian moon Io reveal that the floor of the Loki Patera volcano has been resurfaced in two waves, with different starting times and velocities.
doi: 10.1038/nature22339
By exploiting a co-trapped Ca+ ion, a single CaH+ ion is prepared in pure quantum states, which are coherently manipulated, using a protocol that could easily be extended to other molecular ion species.
doi: 10.1038/nature22338
Films of metal halide perovskite are used as the absorber material in solar cells, and light irradiation during their formation is shown to affect their crystallization, morphology and photovoltaic performance.
doi: 10.1038/nature22072
Starting with alkyl carboxylic acids, a simple olefin synthesis using any substitution pattern or geometry, based on amide-bond synthesis with nickel- or iron-based catalysis, is described.
doi: 10.1038/nature22307
The mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus amplifies the functional connectivity of the prefrontal cortex, thereby sustaining cortical representations of rule sets without relaying categorical information.
doi: 10.1038/nature22073
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signalling is a crucial regulator of endothelial metabolism and vascular development.
doi: 10.1038/nature22322
The authors surveyed whole-exome and RNA-sequencing data from 252 unique pluripotent stem cell lines, some of which are in the pipeline for clinical use, and found that approximately 5% of cell lines had acquired mutations in the TP53 gene that allow mutant cells to rapidly outcompete non-mutant cells, but do not prevent differentiation.
doi: 10.1038/nature22312
The authors describe water-soluble surrogate Wnt agonists, with specificity towards some frizzled (FZD) receptors, which can maintain human intestinal organoid cultures and have effects on the mouse liver in vivo.
doi: 10.1038/nature22306
R-spondin and Wnt ligand families act non-redundantly and cooperatively within the same molecular pathway in the intestinal stem-cell niche to maintain stem-cell competency and drive stem-cell expansion.
doi: 10.1038/nature22313
The molecular mechanism of Goodpasture disease is modelled to mechanistically determine how a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele can exert its dominant protective effect in autoimmune disease.
doi: 10.1038/nature22329
The 3.4 Å crystal structure of the 15-subunit core Mediator complex in yeast.
doi: 10.1038/nature22328
