研究評価のための数値的手法は確かに有効だが、不透明なものも多く、透明性を高める努力が必要である。
A numbers game p.127
Institutions must be plain about research metrics if academics are to engage with them.
doi: 10.1038/523127b
Institutions must be plain about research metrics if academics are to engage with them.
doi: 10.1038/523127b
Mounting evidence that rapid treatment with antiretroviral drugs dramatically reduces HIV transmission must be acted on fast if a target date for curbing the epidemic is to be met.
doi: 10.1038/523127a
Opposition to storing vast scientific data sets on cloud-computing platforms is weakening.
doi: 10.1038/523128a
Violent nocturnal thunderstorms are hard to explain and even harder to forecast.
doi: 10.1038/523135a
Giant public–private computing network would fulfil the European Commission’s vision of an open-research platform.
doi: 10.1038/523136a
Researchers seek holistic view of botanic ecosystems.
doi: 10.1038/523137a
The case of Dong-Pyou Han illustrates the uneven nature of penalties for scientific misconduct.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.17660
New Horizons mission is set to speed past an ice world at the fringes of the Solar System.
doi: 10.1038/523140a
米国地震情報センター（NEIC）のPaul Earleたちは、大地震が地球のどこで起ころうと、24時間体制で目を光らせている。
doi: 10.1038/523142a
HIV感染症の流行を終わらせる手段はあるが、それをうまく活用する方法が必要だ。
doi: 10.1038/523146a
熱水噴出孔からの鉄を大量に含む噴出水は、大洋全体に4000 km以上にわたって広がっていくことが分かった。この知見は海生藻類の生産性に関係があり、従って気候にも関わってくると考えられる。
doi: 10.1038/523160a
循環血中の細胞外小胞に繋留されている1種類の分子を検出するという方法を使って、患者の一滴の血液から進行中の膵臓がんを検出できるようになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature14626
熱帯林に生息する鳥類の個体数変化に関するメタ解析から、選択的な木材収穫の影響が伐採の種類や種の機能形質によって変わることが分かった。この結果は、生物多様性への影響をうまく処理するための枠組みを示している。
doi: 10.1038/523163a
2011年12月、継続時間が4時間という異例な長さのγ線バーストが地球で観測された。このバーストの原因が、自転している磁化された中性子星から生まれた変わった超新星であるらしいことが今回報告された。
doi: 10.1038/523164b
渦鞭毛藻類ワルノヴィア科の微生物の細胞にある眼点構造が詳細に調べられ、この構造の構成要素が色素体とミトコンドリアという2つの細胞小器官であることが明らかにされた。
doi: 10.1038/nature14630
レナリドマイドは、第5染色体長腕（5q）欠失が原因で起こる血液疾患の治療に有効性を発揮する。今回、レナリドマイドがCRBNを標的として結合し、5q領域にある遺伝子にコードされている酵素の分解を促進することが示された。
doi: 10.1038/nature14628
Feedback in the form of galactic-scale outflows of gas from star-forming, low-mass galaxies allowed ionizing radiation to escape from galaxies when the Universe was about 500 million years old, changing the hydrogen between galaxies from neutral to ionized.
doi: 10.1038/nature14454
Glypican-1 identifies cancer exosomes and serves as a biomarker for detection of early pancreatic cancer in patients and mouse models of the disease; the findings may enable early and non-invasive identification, and prevention of malignant cancer.
doi: 10.1038/nature14581
Lenalidomide, a derivative of thalidomide, is an effective drug for myelodysplastic syndrome; lenalidomide binds the CRL4CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase and promotes degradation of casein kinase 1a, on which the malignant cells rely for survival.
doi: 10.1038/nature14610
A new class of ultra-long-duration γ-ray bursts (GRBs) has recently been suggested, with durations in excess of 10,000 seconds, and now a supernova (SN 2011kl) has been found to be associated with the ultra-long-duration GRB 111209A, allowing a physical understanding of the nature of ultra-long-duration GRBs.
doi: 10.1038/nature14579
Simultaneous measurements of structured radiation-belt electron losses (in the form of bremsstrahlung X-rays) and plasmaspheric hiss (which causes the losses) reveal that the loss dynamics is coherent with the hiss dynamics on spatial scales comparable to the size of the plasmasphere.
doi: 10.1038/nature14515
Coherent energy transport is key to the operation of the photosynthetic machinery and the successful implementation of molecular electronics; self-assembled supramolecular nanofibres based on carbonyl-bridged triarylamines are now shown to transport singlet excitons over micrometre-scale distances at room temperature.
doi: 10.1038/nature14570
Hydrothermal dissolved iron, manganese, and aluminium from the southern East Pacific Rise is transported several thousand kilometres westward across the South Pacific Ocean; global hydrothermal dissolved iron input is estimated to be more than four times what was previously thought and modelling suggests it must be physically or chemically stabilized in solution.
doi: 10.1038/nature14577
Dinoflagellate eye-like ocelloids are built from pre-existing organelles of disparate origin, including a cornea-like layer made of mitochondria and a retinal body made of anastomosing plastids.
doi: 10.1038/nature14593
More than 15% of the bacterial domain consists of a radiation of phyla about which very little is known; here, metagenomics is used to reconstruct 8 complete and 789 draft genomes from more than 35 of these phyla, revealing a shared evolutionary history, metabolic limitations, and unusual ribosome compositions.
doi: 10.1038/nature14486
As part of the Epigenome Roadmap Project, genome-wide maps of DNA methylation and transcriptomes together with genomic DNA sequencing of 18 different primary human tissue types from 4 individuals are presented; analysis reveals widespread differential methylation of CG sites between tissues, and the presence of non-CG methylation in adult tissues.
doi: 10.1038/nature14465
The analysis of more than 9,000 haemagglutinin sequences of human seasonal influenza viruses over a 12-year time period shows that the global circulation patterns of A/H1N1 and B viruses are different from those of the well characterised A/H3N2 viruses; in particular the A/H1N1 and B viruses are shown to persist locally across several seasons and do not display the same degree of global movement as the H3N2 viruses.
doi: 10.1038/nature14460
Analysis of a mouse model shows that during the course of an immune response, helper T cells undergo functional reprogramming to transdifferentiate into regulatory T cells; this T cell plasticity could possibly be exploited to develop better therapies for restoring immune tolerance in autoimmune diseases.
doi: 10.1038/nature14452
Fate-mapping hypoxic cells in the mouse heart identifies a rare population of cycling cardiomyocytes, which show characteristics of neonatal cardiomyocytes, including smaller size and mononucleation, and contribute to new cardiomyocyte formation in the adult heart.
doi: 10.1038/nature14582
Only a subset of patients with melanoma responds to new immunotherapeutic therapies; here, β-catenin signalling is identified as an important pathway that confers resistance to this type of approach, with implications for future treatment strategies.
doi: 10.1038/nature14404
In Caulobacter crescentus, oscillating levels of the second messenger cyclic-di-GMP drive the cell cycle through regulation of the essential cell cycle kinase CckA; as its levels increase during the G1–S transition, cyclic-di-GMP binds to CckA to inhibit kinase and stimulate phosphatase activity, thereby enabling replication initiation.
doi: 10.1038/nature14473
Genome-wide chromosome conformation capture analysis in C. elegans reveals that the dosage compensation complex, a condensin complex, remodels the X chromosomes of hermaphrodites into a sex-specific topology distinct from autosomes while regulating gene expression chromosome-wide.
doi: 10.1038/nature14450
