An independent report on the American Psychological Association reveals the extent to which some psychologists colluded with US military and intelligence agencies to allow torture of prisoners.
doi: 10.1038/523255a
If the UK government is serious about science, now is the time to prove it.
doi: 10.1038/523255b
The world can no longer afford to support learning systems in which only the most capable students can thrive.
doi: 10.1038/523256a
The nation has embraced the latest research and innovative approaches to vaccination.
doi: 10.1038/523263a
Battle between California universities raises questions about research ownership.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.17932
Drug companies put in vitro systems through their paces.
doi: 10.1038/523266a
Exotic subatomic particle confirmed at Large Hadron Collider after earlier false sightings.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.17968
Demise of legislation highlights rise of e-cigarette lobbying.
doi: 10.1038/523267a
Discoveries energize hunt for genes connected to mental illness.
doi: 10.1038/523268a
今週号では、次世代の科学者を育てるには何が必要かを特集する。
doi: 10.1038/523271a
能動的な問題解決学習は、講義という受動的な学習よりも科学への理解を深めるが、現行の教育方法を変えたがらない大学教官もいる。
doi: 10.1038/523272a
世界中の教育者たちが、幼い子供たちを未来の科学者に育てる、新しい方法をさまざまに試みている。
doi: 10.1038/523276a
ショウジョウバエでは、精巣中の幹細胞からの突起が調節ハブ中の細胞まで伸びていて、細胞間のシグナル伝達や幹細胞の維持に関わっていることが分かった。このフォーラムでは、この知見の持つ意味が2つの視点から論じられている。
doi: 10.1038/nature14631
30万を超える数の岩石の組成データをまとめた研究によって、大陸地殻がどのようにして形成されたかという100年間にわたって続いてきた論争に関する重要な手掛かりが得られ、大陸地殻の成長の理論に新たな制約が加えられた。
doi: 10.1038/523293a
樹状細胞でストレス応答と転写因子XBP1が活性化されると、この細胞の抗腫瘍免疫応答を誘導する能力が制限されることが、卵巣がんのマウスモデルで今回明らかにされた。
doi: 10.1038/523294a
星間物質のスペクトルで見つかった2つの近赤外吸収線が｢バッキーボール」イオンからのものであることが実験によって確認された。このことは、1世紀にわたって解かれなかった宇宙化学の謎の答えを明らかにするものだ。
doi: 10.1038/523296a
タンパク質に生じた変異の影響は、以前に変異が起きたかどうかに左右されることがある。このような歴史的偶然性もまた、遺伝子調節ネットワークの進化の際には重要なのだ。
doi: 10.1038/nature14537
植物のタンパク質であるEPR3が、植物と共生する細菌の表面を覆っている細胞外多糖分子に対する受容体として働いているらしいことが分かった。研究のこのような進歩によって、共生関係で相手を認識する仕組みについての手掛かりが得られた。
doi: 10.1038/nature14632
A global geochemical data set of volcanic and plutonic rocks indicates that differentiation trends from primitive basaltic to felsic compositions for volcanic versus plutonic samples are generally indistinguishable in subduction-zone settings, but are divergent in continental rifts.
doi: 10.1038/nature14584
This paper describes the discovery of the exopolysaccharide receptor (Epr3) in plants, and shows that its expression is induced upon perception of the bacterial Nod factors; the EPR3 receptor recognizes exopolysaccharides on the surface of rhizobia, thus controlling the symbiotic infection of the roots of legumes.
doi: 10.1038/nature14611
Progesterones, oestrogens and their receptors (PR, ERα and ERβ) are essential in normal breast development and homeostasis, as well as in breast cancer; here it is shown that PR controls ERα function by redirecting where ERα binds to the chromatin, acting as a proliferative brake in ERα+ breast tumours.
doi: 10.1038/nature14583
The observed range of luminosities of the extremely hot ‘blue hook’ stars of the globular cluster ω Centauri is successfully explained by a model in which the progenitors of these stars are second-generation helium-rich stars characterized by a range of rotation rates arising during the cluster’s very early evolution.
doi: 10.1038/nature14516
Laboratory measurements of the gas-phase spectrum of C60+ confirm that the diffuse interstellar bands observed at 9,632 ångströms and 9,577 ångströms arise as a result of C60+ in the interstellar medium.
doi: 10.1038/nature14566
Organohalide perovskites and preformed colloidal quantum dots are combined in the solution phase to produce epitaxially aligned ‘dots-in-a-matrix’ crystals that have both the excellent electrical transport properties of the perovskite matrix and the high radiative efficiency of the quantum dots.
doi: 10.1038/nature14563
Drosophila male germline stem cells form previously unrecognized structures, microtubule-based nanotubes, which extend into the hub, a major niche component, to mediate the niche–stem-cell signalling.
doi: 10.1038/nature14602
Fluorescent labelling is used to show that in E. coli, outer membrane protein (OMP) turnover is passive and binary in nature, and OMPs cluster to form islands in which diffusion of individual proteins is restricted owing to lateral interactions with other OMPs; new OMPs are inserted mostly at mid-cell, meaning that old OMP islands are displaced to the poles of growing cells.
doi: 10.1038/nature14461
The central nervous system undergoes constant immune surveillance, but the route that immune cells take to exit the brain has been unclear as it had been thought to lack a classical lymphatic drainage system; here functional lymphatic vessels able to carry both fluid and immune cells from the cerebrospinal fluid are shown to be located in the brain meninges.
doi: 10.1038/nature14432
Apolipoprotein-M-bound sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is found to restrain the generation of new lymphocytes—and, consequently, adaptive immune responses—by activating the S1P1 receptor on bone marrow lymphocyte progenitors in mice.
doi: 10.1038/nature14462
The drug abiraterone is converted to Δ4-abiraterone (D4A) in mice and patients with prostate cancer, which has more potent anti-tumour activity and may lead to more effective therapies.
doi: 10.1038/nature14406
Novel hotspot mutant p53 gain-of-function mouse model shows that tumours depend on its sustained expression, and genetic and pharmacological approaches reveal mutant p53 as an actionable cancer drug target.
doi: 10.1038/nature14430
Quantification of single-cell growth over long periods of time in E. coli shows transient oscillations in cell size, with periods stretching across more than ten generations; a noisy negative feedback on cell-size control is proposed in which cells with a small initial size tend to divide later than cells with a large initial size with implications for the genetic and physiological processes required.
doi: 10.1038/nature14562
Epistatic interactions, whereby a mutation's effect is contingent on another mutation, have been shown to constrain evolution within single proteins, and how such interactions arise in gene regulatory networks has remained unclear; here the appearance of pheromone-response regulator binding sites in the regulatory DNA of the a-specific genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are shown to have required specific changes in a second pathway during the evolution from its common ancestor with Candida albicans.
doi: 10.1038/nature14613
Retroviruses such as HIV rely on the intasome, a tetramer of integrase protein bound to the viral DNA ends interacting with host chromatin, for integration into the host genome; the structure of the intasome as it interacts with a nucleosome is now solved, giving insight into the integration process.
doi: 10.1038/nature14495
