世界各地で続く異常気象は人間活動が原因であることを明言した論文が初めて出版された。
Extreme weather explicitly blamed on humans for the first time p.291
Scientists take the bold step of saying phenomena wouldn’t have happened without global warming.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08808-y
Scientists take the bold step of saying phenomena wouldn’t have happened without global warming.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08808-y
DIY scientists in Germany can bring techniques out of the lab and help the country learn to love the field.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08807-z
Mysterious traveller from afar highlights a seasonal greeting.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08809-x
More than 2 million newly digitized images extend the history of the bottom of the ice sheet.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08329-8
Technique to knock out mutant gene relies on fatty molecules to deliver CRISPR components to inner-ear cells.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08722-3
Blockchain could lend security measures to the scientific process, but the approach has its own risks.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08589-4
It’s good news for neutron scientists in the region.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08476-y
A giant iceberg, a quantum-entanglement experiment and the death of a spacecraft are among the year’s top stories.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08493-x
A spectacular total eclipse, hitch-hiking octopus, nanoscale fireworks and more.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08492-y
今年、科学の大きな話題を生み出したのは、どのような人たちだろうか。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07763-y
今回、先進的なゲノム解析によって、寒冷で栄養の乏しい南極の土壌の微生物群集が、光合成ではなく、微量ガスの酸化によってエネルギーを得ていることが示唆された。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07579-w
記憶T細胞は、以前に遭遇したことのある病原体を防ぐが、記憶T細胞の起源はよく分かっていない。今回、DNA修飾を長期にわたって追跡した2つの研究によって、記憶T細胞がエフェクターT細胞から生じることが見いだされた。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08280-8
地球の表面には水が保持されているのに、火星では表面の水の大半が失われたのはなぜか。これら2つの惑星における鉱物の進化のモデルは、1つの説明を示唆している。つまり、火星の水は、惑星内部に取り込まれたのである。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08670-y
リンパ管量が多く予後不良の腫瘍には、増殖因子タンパク質VEGF-Cの高レベルの発現が伴っている。今回、そうした腫瘍は免疫療法への感受性が極めて高いことが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08669-5
炎症の合図は、ミクログリア細胞からのASCタンパク質の放出の引き金となる。今回、ASCスペックが、マウスの脳において、アルツハイマー病の顕著な特徴であるアミロイドβタンパク質の凝集と沈着を促進することが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08668-6
今年度掲載されたNews & Viewsの中から編集部が精選した記事の抜粋。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-08516-7
An approach for the synthesis of E- and Z- trisubstituted alkenes in high stereoisomeric purity is developed by merging catalytic cross-metathesis and cross-coupling processes.
doi: 10.1038/nature25002
Deposition and spreading of amyloid-β pathology in mice requires binding to microglia-released ASC specks.
doi: 10.1038/nature25158
In vivo deuterium labelling reveals a quiescent population of long-lived human virus-specific memory CD8 T cells that maintain the epigenetic landscape of effector cells, which facilitates rapid responses to pathogen re-exposure.
doi: 10.1038/nature24633
The cryo-electron microscopy and crystal structures of several mTORC1 complexes, and accompanying biochemical analyses, shed light on how mTORC1 is regulated and how cancer mutations lead to its hyperactivation.
doi: 10.1038/nature25023
The spectral variability of the blazar CTA 102 during a recent extreme outburst could be explained by a twisted, inhomogeneous jet containing regions of different orientations that vary in time.
doi: 10.1038/nature24623
The first interstellar object to be detected in the Solar System is asteroidal in nature and has a shape unlike any Solar System body, with a length about ten times its width.
doi: 10.1038/nature25020
Electrons derived from cosmic rays become trapped in the radiation belts that surround Earth, but how the electrons are generated has been uncertain; new measurements confirm the involvement of neutron decay.
doi: 10.1038/nature24642
Cosmic-ray muon radiography has been used to non-invasively visualize the voids in the Great Pyramid (Khufu’s Pyramid), revealing a large void situated above the Grand Gallery.
doi: 10.1038/nature24647
Modelling the reactions of water with the crusts of early Earth and Mars sheds light on how water was transported through their crusts to give the surfaces we see today.
doi: 10.1038/nature25031
The recently discovered theropod Halszkaraptor escuillei reveals a novel basal dromaeosaurid clade, and its adaptations that suggest a semi-aquatic predatory lifestyle add an additional ecomorphology to those developed by non-avian maniraptorans.
doi: 10.1038/nature24679
Metagenomic and biochemical analyses of soil samples from Antarctic desert regions provides evidence that bacteria in these soils derive carbon and energy from atmospheric CO, H2 and CO2.
doi: 10.1038/nature25014
DNA methylation profiling of virus-specific T cells during acute viral infection in mice provides evidence that a fate-permissive subset of effector CD8 T cells dedifferentiates into long-lived memory T cells.
doi: 10.1038/nature25144
‘Coincidence-detecting’ phosphoinositide sensors are used to study changes in the phosphoinositide lipid species found in membranes during the development and maturation of endocytic clathrin-coated vesicles.
doi: 10.1038/nature25146
Computationally designed icosahedral protein-based assemblies can protect their genetic material and evolve in biochemical environments, suggesting a route to the custom design of synthetic nanomaterials for non-viral drug delivery.
doi: 10.1038/nature25157
Cryo-electron microscopy mapping of the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A combined with functional experiments reveals that calcium ions interact directly with the pore to activate the channel.
doi: 10.1038/nature24652
Electron cryo-microscopy density maps of mouse TMEM16A reconstituted in nanodiscs or solubilized in detergent reveal two functional states of calcium-activated chloride channels.
doi: 10.1038/nature25024
