精神疾患を診断する際の人為的な分類が、効果的な治療の妨げになっている。
Across the divide p.397
Diagnostic boundaries separating mental disorders hamper effective treatments.
doi: 10.1038/496397b
Diagnostic boundaries separating mental disorders hamper effective treatments.
doi: 10.1038/496397b
China’s well-handled response to outbreaks of H7N9 avian influenza belies the country’s bad reputation from its past dealings with disease. But there are still improvements to be made.
doi: 10.1038/496397a
doi: 10.1038/496398a
Sensor-studded plots in the Amazon forest will measure the fertilizing effect of the gas.
doi: 10.1038/496405a
Company clashes with International Astronomical Union over popular labels for exoplanets.
doi: 10.1038/496407a
Proposed pesticide ban gathers scientific support as some experts call for more field studies.
doi: 10.1038/496408a
First attempt to extract methane from frozen hydrates far beneath the ocean shows promise.
doi: 10.1038/496409a
Remnants of surface rocks take long tour of planet’s interior.
doi: 10.1038/496410a
Institutional review boards may need to take a closer look at some types of online research.
doi: 10.1038/496411a
国民とほぼ同数の銃が出回る米国で、銃所有が何をもたらすかを研究している医師がいる。
doi: 10.1038/496412a
精神疾患は、色のスペクトルのように少しずつ違いながら連続して並ぶものだが、最新の診断マニュアルでも、いまだにそれらを別々の分離した病気と捉えている。
doi: 10.1038/496416a
信頼できない量子系の特性を明らかにし、その系を統制する方法が考案された。このような知見が基礎科学、実際の量子計算や量子暗号に持つ意味について、2人の専門家が論じている。
doi: 10.1038/496436a
塩化ナトリウムが、病原性のTH17免疫細胞の産生を引き起こす酵素の活性化を誘導できることがわかった。これは、塩が自己免疫疾患を悪化させかねない因子である可能性を示している。
doi: 10.1038/nature11959
ヒッグスボソンと思われる粒子の発見は、物理学における画期的な出来事であった。この発見以後に報告された実験結果は、素粒子物理学の最小標準模型におけるヒッグス粒子についての予想と非常によく一致している。
doi: 10.1038/496439a
エイズの全世界的流行が始まってから30年以上たったが、有効なワクチンはいまだに見つかっていない。だが、単一細胞から得られた、広範囲に作用する強力なヒト抗体の解析から、ワクチン開発の合理的手法が考えられるようになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature12091
磁気走性を示す細菌の生細胞中の磁場が新規な手法を使って画像化された。この手法は他の生物系における磁気動態の研究に使えそうである。
doi: 10.1038/496442a
ゼブラフィッシュのゲノム塩基配列が解読された。このことは、その全タンパク質コード領域の3分の1以上をカバーする数の変異体系統が作出されたことと相まって、ヒト遺伝子の特徴解明を加速すると思われる。
doi: 10.1038/nature12094
A discussion of progress in macrophage biology, examining their classification, diverse lineages, identities and regulation, their roles in regulating normal physiology and development, and their identification as therapeutic targets in human diseases.
doi: 10.1038/nature12034
A scheme is described that enables characterization and classical command of large quantum systems; it provides a test of whether a claimed quantum computer is truly quantum, and also advances towards a goal of quantum cryptography, namely the use of untrusted devices to establish a shared random key, with security based on the validity of quantum physics.
doi: 10.1038/nature12035
A global view of the genetic networks regulating the differentiation of TH17 cells is presented, based on temporal expression profiling, computational network reconstruction and validation of predicted interactions by nanowire-mediated siRNA perturbation.
doi: 10.1038/nature11981
Longitudinal sampling is used to map the evolution of an HIV-1 virus from the time of infection, and the co-evolution of a broadly neutralizing antibody in the same infected patient; the findings have important implications for HIV vaccine development.
doi: 10.1038/nature12053
Small-angle scattering of X-rays or neutrons is more readily applied to macromolecular complexes than is X-ray crystallography, and is particularly useful for protein complexes with high flexibility; here new quantitative metrics are presented that will allow solution-derived structures to be validated and assessed for mass, resolution and accuracy.
doi: 10.1038/nature12070
Microwave stimulation of a superconducting artificial three-level atom is used to demonstrate high-fidelity, non-Abelian geometric transformations, the results of which depend on the order in which they are performed.
doi: 10.1038/nature12010
A diamond chip with nitrogen–vacancy centres is used for magnetic imaging of living magnetotactic bacteria with sub-cellular spatial resolution.
doi: 10.1038/nature12072
Mass-independent fractionation of sulphur isotopes in basalts from the oceanic island of Mangaia (Cook Islands) indicates ancient subducted Archaean (>2.45 Gyr) oceanic crust and lithosphere survives in the mantle to be sampled beneath hotspot volcanoes.
doi: 10.1038/nature12020
A project to identify the phenotypes of disruptive mutations in every zebrafish protein-coding gene has so far revealed potentially disruptive mutations in more than 38% of the protein-coding genes, and the phenotypic consequences of each allele can be assessed using a novel multi-allelic phenotyping scheme.
doi: 10.1038/nature11992
A high-quality sequence assembly of the zebrafish genome reveals the largest gene set of any vertebrate and provides information on key genomic features, and comparison to the human reference genome shows that approximately 70% of human protein-coding genes have at least one clear zebrafish orthologue.
doi: 10.1038/nature12111
The public health burden of dengue is unknown; here cartographic approaches are used to provide insight into the global, regional and national burden of dengue, with the finding that the global number of infections per year is around 390 million, more than three times the estimate of the World Health Organization.
doi: 10.1038/nature12060
A functionally diverse superfamily of bacterial phospholipase enzymes that mediate antagonisitc interactions as effectors of the type VI secretion system is uncovered; these enzymes degrade the bacterial membrane, representing a novel mechanism of bacterial competition.
doi: 10.1038/nature12074
Transcriptional profiling of developing TH17 cells identifies serum glucocorticoid kinase 1 (SGK1) as an essential node downstream of IL-23 signalling, and transcriptional analysis shows that a modest increase in salt concentration induces SGK1 expression, promotes IL-23 receptor expression and enhances TH17 cell differentiation, accelerating the development of autoimmunity.
doi: 10.1038/nature11984
Increased salt concentrations are shown to induce murine and human TH17 cells by a mechanism that depends on activation of p38/MAPK, NFAT5 and SGK1; mice kept on a high-salt diet develop a more severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis due to increased induction of TH17 cells.
doi: 10.1038/nature11868
ICOS ligand expression by bystander B cells is shown to induce pseudopod extension and migration of CXCR5-expressing T-helper cells into B-cell follicles, where they provide help to cognate B cells for germinal centre development.
doi: 10.1038/nature12058
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is engineered to produce high concentrations of artemisinic acid, a precursor of the artemisinin used in combination therapies for malaria treatment; an efficient and practical chemical process to convert artemisinic acid to artemisinin is also developed.
doi: 10.1038/nature12051
The X-ray crystal structure of a high-affinity phosphate importer in an inward-facing, occluded state in the presence of phosphate is reported; this is the first structure of a membrane protein involved in inorganic phosphate uptake and the first crystal structure of a eukaryotic MFS transporter.
doi: 10.1038/nature12042