Despite a high death toll, public-health efforts to combat suicide lag far behind those focused on preventing accidents and diseases such as cancer. A US initiative aims to redress the balance.
doi: 10.1038/506131a
The correct use of statistics is not just good for science — it is essential.
doi: 10.1038/506131b
A declining island wolf population underlines the influence that humans have on nature.
doi: 10.1038/506132a
Front-line services being trained in new approach to dealing with decontamination of victims in direct aftermath of an event.
doi: 10.1038/506139a
Ecologists call for genetic rescue of Isle Royale’s inbred wolves.
doi: 10.1038/506140a
Sequencing of DNA from Native American ‘Clovis boy’ forces researchers to rethink handling of tribal remains.
doi: 10.1038/506142a
Some clinical trials funded by US agency resume, but strict regulations have put off others.
doi: 10.1038/506143a
Long-term study will monitor healthy people in detail — and encourage them to respond to the results.
doi: 10.1038/506144a
ADHD（注意欠陥多動性障害）の治療で用いられている中枢神経刺激薬には長期的な効果がないことが、次第に明らかになってきている。
doi: 10.1038/506146a
統計的な有意性の「究極の判断基準」とされるP値には、科学者が考えるほど信頼性はないらしい。
doi: 10.1038/506150a
北米に広く分布した最古の文化と関連付けられるヒト個体の全ゲノム塩基配列が解読され、クローヴィス人の祖先はアジア系であること、また現代のアメリカ先住民と遺伝学的関係があることが確認された。
doi: 10.1038/506162a
宇宙についてのシミュレーションのいくつかは、原始水素ガスが最初の星や銀河によってイオン化された際の温度の推定値に対して疑義を投げかけ、現行の観測結果の解釈をもっと複雑なものにしている。
doi: 10.1038/nature13051
アマゾンでは乾期に林冠の緑色が濃くなるという人工衛星による観測結果はこれまで、太陽光が増加するのに対してアマゾンの森林が正の応答をしていると解釈されてきた。だが、実際にはこれは光学的に生じたアーティファクトだったのである。
doi: 10.1038/nature13052
超流動体の攪拌に対する応答で経路依存性が観測されたことで、正確な回転感知へ応用できる可能性が高まった。これはまた、極低温原子気体の微視的理論に対する試験台ともなる。
doi: 10.1038/506166a
海洋保護区の成功に影響する5つの要素、つまり保護区成立からの時間、面積、隔離度、保護と強制力のレベルを全球的に一斉に調査することで、自然が繁栄するのは、これら5つ全てが存在する場合だけであることが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature13053
海洋には半径が数十キロメートルにもなる渦があり、局所的生態系の輪郭を定め、生物地球化学的収支に関わっている。沿岸湧昇域中にある3つのこうした渦の性質が調べられ、このような「自然の驚異」の一端が明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature13048
In the ΛCDM paradigm, 95% of the Universe consists of dark energy and cold dark matter, but the low-density cores of dark matter measured at the centre of galaxies are hard to explain using this model; here a review of recent work shows that the action of stars and gas can significantly alter the distribution of cold dark matter through a coupling based on rapid gravitational potential fluctuations.
doi: 10.1038/nature12953
The authors report the largest family-trio exome sequencing study of schizophrenia to date; mutations are overrepresented in genes for glutamatergic synaptic proteins and also genes mutated in autism and intellectual disability, providing insights into aetiological mechanisms and pathopshyisology shared with other neurodevelopmental disorders.
doi: 10.1038/nature12929
Exome sequence analysis of more than 5,000 schizophrenia cases and controls identifies a polygenic burden primarily arising from rare, disruptive mutations distributed across many genes, among which are those encoding voltage-gated calcium ion channels and the signalling complex formed by the ARC protein of the postsynaptic density; as in autism, mutations were also found in homologues of known targets of the fragile X mental retardation protein.
doi: 10.1038/nature12975
The 1.8 Å high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of the human δ-opioid receptor is presented, with site-directed mutagenesis and functional studies revealing a crucial role for a sodium ion in mediating allosteric control in this receptor.
doi: 10.1038/nature12944
The hard spectra of X-ray binaries make them ineffective at heating primordial gas, which must have resulted in a delayed and spatially uniform heating during the epoch of reionization; this means that the signature of reionization in spectra of the 21-cm transition of atomic hydrogen will produce a more complex signal than has been predicted, including a distinct minimum at less than a millikelvin.
doi: 10.1038/nature12999
Hysteresis is observed between circulation states in an ‘atomtronic’ circuit formed from a ring of superfluid Bose–Einstein condensate obstructed by a rotating weak link (a region of low atomic density), and may prove as crucial in future atomtronic devices as it has done in electronic devices.
doi: 10.1038/nature12958
Error correction is central to fault-tolerant quantum computation, but although various schemes have been developed in theory, there are few experimental realizations; a quantum error correction process is now reported for a single system of electron and nuclear spins residing in a diamond crystal.
doi: 10.1038/nature12919
The unusual structures of quasicrystals, such as the 18-fold symmetry observed in polymer micelles, lack the repeating cell pattern of conventional hard crystals; here their origin is shown to be an extension of Penrose tiling with a simple, generic interparticle interaction.
doi: 10.1038/nature12938
The long-term record of atmospheric carbon dioxide growth rate shows that the sensitivity of this growth rate to tropical temperature variability has increased by a factor of about two in the past five decades, and was greater when tropical land regions experienced drier conditions, implying that moisture regulates this sensitivity.
doi: 10.1038/nature12915
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an important and increasing component of marine conservation strategy, but their effectiveness is variable and debated; now a study has assembled data from a global sample of MPAs and demonstrates that effectiveness depends on five key properties: whether any fishing is allowed, enforcement levels, age, size and degree of isolation.
doi: 10.1038/nature13022
Lidar and optical satellite observations of Amazon forests indicate consistent canopy structure and reflectance during the dry season, challenging the paradigm of light-limited tropical forest productivity.
doi: 10.1038/nature13006
The first individual genome from the Clovis culture is presented; the origins and genetic legacy of the people who made Clovis tools have been under debate, and evidence here suggests that the individual is more closely related to all Native American populations than to any others, refuting the hypothesis that the Clovis people arrived via European (Solutrean) migration to the Americas.
doi: 10.1038/nature13025
Diffuse white matter injury is common in very preterm infants; here, enhanced epidermal growth factor receptor signalling in oligodendrocyte precursor cells in a mouse model of such injury is shown to increase cellular and functional recovery.
doi: 10.1038/nature12880
A pulse of C/EBPα followed by overexpression of the transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and Myc leads to fast and very efficient reprogramming of B cell precursors to induced pluripotent stem cells; C/EBPα facilitates transient chromatin accessibility and accelerates expression of pluripotency genes through a mechanism that involves activation of the Tet2 enzyme.
doi: 10.1038/nature12885
A mouse model shows that osteoblast activating β-catenin mutations alone are sufficient to initiate the development of acute myeloid leukaemia acting through increased Notch signalling.
doi: 10.1038/nature12883
Here it is proposed that RNA viruses can adapt to use the antiviral properties of microRNAs to limit viral replication and suppress innate immunity in particular cell types, and this restriction can lead to exacerbation of disease severity.
doi: 10.1038/nature12869
RecA bundles are shown to be important for the pairing of homologous loci that have segregated to opposite ends of the cell during DNA double-strand break repair in vivo in Escherichia coli.
doi: 10.1038/nature12868
