EUデータ保護指令の改定案は、プライバシー保護が過度なために、医学研究を妨げる恐れがある。
Data overprotection p.391
Draft European rules governing privacy threaten to hamper medical research.
doi: 10.1038/522391b
Draft European rules governing privacy threaten to hamper medical research.
doi: 10.1038/522391b
The Vatican has produced a timely and valuable warning on the threat of climate change that will reach a wide audience.
doi: 10.1038/522391a
Antarctica’s apparent barrenness hides an abundance of living organisms.
doi: 10.1038/522392a
Genomic sequences reveal cities’ teeming masses of bacteria and viruses.
doi: 10.1038/522399a
As white-nose syndrome spreads, researchers are trialling ways to stop colonies from collapsing.
doi: 10.1038/522400a
Bright galaxy thought to hold stars from generation that seeded rest of Universe.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.17802
Foundation fails to raise funds it needs for a space telescope to catalogue near-Earth objects.
doi: 10.1038/522402a
Industry-funding controversies highlight lack of standards among field’s journals.
doi: 10.1038/522403a
'Kennewick Man' sequencing points to Native American ancestry.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.17797
フランシス・クリック研究所の初代所長、Paul Nurseの賭けは成功するだろうか。
doi: 10.1038/522406a
オキシトシンが脳に及ぼす作用の研究が進むにつれ、オキシトシンが単なる「抱擁ホルモン」ではないことが分かってきた。
doi: 10.1038/522410a
宇宙の歴史の初期に形成された銀河の観測から、こうした銀河の塵の量は、それよりわずかに遅い時代の銀河で見られる量よりもずっと少ないことが分かった。銀河は比較的短期間に急速な変化を経るらしい。
doi: 10.1038/522422a
プリオンを形成するタンパク質のPrPの遺伝的バリアントの1つが、ヒトのプリオン病であるクールー病に対して防御効果を持つことが分かった。これは機能を備えたアイソフォームが疾患を引き起こす異常なコンホメーションに変わるのを阻害することによっている。
doi: 10.1038/nature14534
2種類の近縁のペプチドが同じ受容体への結合を競合することで、葉の裏面にある細胞の間隔が調節されていることが分かった。この知見は、植物での細胞シグナル伝達の複雑性をはっきり示している。
doi: 10.1038/nature14535
大気循環パターンの発生における変化についてはよく分かっていない。今回、こうした変化は、最近数十年間に観測された地域的な極端な気温事象に見られる変化の大きな要因であることが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/522425a
ビタミンB2に存在する3つの環からなる系に4番目の環を付け足すことで、このビタミンの分子構造を変える酵素が見つかった。この酵素反応産物はいくつかの別の酵素と協働して、新種の化学反応を触媒する。
doi: 10.1038/nature14536
網膜色素変性症は錐体細胞の細胞死を引き起こし、これが失明につながる。この病気のマウスモデルでは、桿体細胞から分泌されるRdCVFと呼ばれる因子が錐体細胞の生存を促進する。RdCVFは錐体細胞でのグルコース取り込みを増強してこうした効果をもたらすことが、今回明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/522428a
Recent research has shown that while large fauna and flowering plants in the Antarctic are scarce, there are considerable levels of marine and terrestrial biodiversity, particularly the microbiota; what drives it, and how the Antarctic can meet conservation targets, are the subject of this review.
doi: 10.1038/nature14505
An investigation of the molecular mechanism of stomatal development and patterning finds an unexpected signalling mechanism: two signalling peptides (STOMAGEN, a positive regulator of stomatal development; and EPF2, a negative regulator of this process) use the same receptor kinase, ERECTA, to fine-tune stomatal development.
doi: 10.1038/nature14561
Myocardial hypoxia activates HIF1α, which activates the splicing factor SF3B1, which mediates a splice switch of the fructose-metabolising enzyme KHK, so that the C isoform that has superior affinity for fructose is expressed in the heart—pathological heart growth and contractile dysfunction can therefore be suppressed by depleting SF3B1 or deleting KHK.
doi: 10.1038/nature14508
A cryo-electron microscopy determination of the atomic structures of anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C)–coactivator complexes with either Emi1 or a UbcH10–ubiquitin conjugate.
doi: 10.1038/nature14471
Measurements of [C ii] emission and dust emission from nine typical star-forming galaxies about one billion years after the Big Bang show that galaxies of this age have dust levels that are significantly lower than those of typical galaxies about two billion years later and comparable with those of local low-metallicity galaxies.
doi: 10.1038/nature14500
In the ultraviolet spectrum, the Neptune-mass exoplanet GJ 436b is shown to have transit depths far greater than those seen in the optical spectrum, indicating that it is surrounded and trailed by a large cloud composed mainly of hydrogen atoms.
doi: 10.1038/nature14501
High-harmonic generation in zinc oxide illuminated by an intense, pulsed, mid-infrared laser is found to involve a recollision effect in which electrons recollide with holes causing harmonics to be emitted, a process similar to that which occurs in atomic systems.
doi: 10.1038/nature14517
This study identifies statistically significant trends in mid-atmospheric circulation patterns that partially explain observed changes in extreme temperature occurrence over Eurasia and North America; although the underlying cause of circulation pattern trends remains uncertain, most extreme temperature trends are shown to be consistent with thermodynamic warming.
doi: 10.1038/nature14550
Populations of the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum with histories of strong versus weak sexual selection purge mutation load and resist extinction differently.
doi: 10.1038/nature14419
Some types of anaemia do not respond to erythropoietin (Epo) treatment because patients do not have sufficient numbers of Epo-sensitive erythroid precursor cells; here, two agonists of PPAR-α are found to synergize with glucocorticoid treatment to promote early erythroid progenitor self-renewal, increasing the production of mature red blood cells in both human and mouse cultures and alleviating anaemia in mouse models.
doi: 10.1038/nature14326
This study looks at a polymorphism of the human prion protein gene, which results in a G-to-V substitution at residue 127, in transgenic mice expressing different human prion proteins, finding that mice heterozygous for the G127V polymorphism are resistant to both kuru and classical CJD prions, but there is some transmission of variant CJD prions; most remarkable, however, is that mice homozygous for V127 are completely resistant to all prion strains.
doi: 10.1038/nature14510
Cell polarity is an important feature of many tissues and is often disrupted in cancer; the TNF receptor Grindelwald is now shown to have an important role in coordinating cell polarity and neoplastic growth in a Drosophila model.
doi: 10.1038/nature14298
A phase I study of passive immunization with a CD4 binding-site-directed broadly neutralizing antibody shows that it transiently reduces HIV-1 viral loads in humans.
doi: 10.1038/nature14411
Cells that bypass senescence in the absence of the p53 tumour suppressor protein have shortened telomeres that undergo fusion, and these fusions trigger mitotic arrest and cell death in crisis.
doi: 10.1038/nature14513
The Fdc1 protein from Aspergillus niger (which is homologous to the UbiD enzyme) uses a new prenylated flavin cofactor to achieve 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition chemistry and catalyse the reversible decarboxylation of aromatic carboxylic acids.
doi: 10.1038/nature14560
Ubiquinone is an essential component of electron transfer chains found both in bacteria and in mitochondria; the bacterial enzyme UbiX involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis is a flavin prenyltransferase, and the flavin-derived cofactor synthesized by UbiX is used by the UbiD decarboxylase in the ubiquinone biosynthetic pathway.
doi: 10.1038/nature14559