悪質な科学的不正行為には、法的な捜査・究明の手が伸びるのもやむを得ない。
Call the cops p.7
The long arm of the law has reached into an investigation of alleged scientific misconduct in Italy, and should perhaps stretch still farther.
doi: 10.1038/504007a
The long arm of the law has reached into an investigation of alleged scientific misconduct in Italy, and should perhaps stretch still farther.
doi: 10.1038/504007a
Medical testing firms find it is in their best interests to cooperate with regulators.
doi: 10.1038/504007b
A physics course that hooked a generation reminds us that teachers need support.
doi: 10.1038/504008a
Sanctions cause increasing shortfall in medicines and vaccines.
doi: 10.1038/504015a
Analysis of oldest sequence from a human ancestor suggests link to mystery population.
doi: 10.1038/504016a
Method for checking global literature leads to investigation of cancer researcher.
doi: 10.1038/504018a
Slothful response from regulators and manufacturers means antibiotic resistance is missed.
doi: 10.1038/504019a
Collectors band together to salvage cast-off equipment.
doi: 10.1038/504020a
インド初の大規模な死亡調査で、さまざまなことが明らかになってきた。
doi: 10.1038/504022a
北米大陸は10億年前に大断層によって真っ二つになるところだったが、それが起こらなかった理由の解明に、研究者たちが取り組んでいる。
doi: 10.1038/504024a
地球の衛星である月はどのようにして作られたのか、それについての現在の見解に、観測とコンピューターシミュレーションによって疑問が投げかけられている。このフォーラムでは、2人の研究者が、それぞれ月の地球化学的性質と初期の激動の歴史という観点から、現在の理論についてまとめている。
doi: 10.1038/504090a
造血幹細胞で増殖を促す変異が生じると、幹細胞の特性が失われる結果となることが多い。しかし、よく見られる発がん性変異の少なくとも1つは、増殖と幹細胞の自己複製の両方を増強するらしい。
doi: 10.1038/nature12840
γ線バースト直後の可視光領域の残光に見られる高偏光度の観測から、宇宙で起こるこのように強力な爆発は、大規模で秩序立った磁場をもたらすことが示された。
doi: 10.1038/504092a
熱感受性TRPV1イオンチャネルの構造が、単一粒子低温電子顕微鏡を使って明らかにされた。これは構造生物学でこの手法を使って得られた画期的成果である。
doi: 10.1038/504093a
ノーベル化学賞は複雑な化学反応系のためのマルチスケールモデルの開発に対して、Martin Karplus、Michael Levitt、 Arieh Warshelの3氏に贈られた。
doi: 10.1038/504096a
今年のアルフレッド・ノーベル記念経済学スウェーデン国立銀行賞は、資産価格の実証分析が市場の動向についての理解を進めたことを評価して、Eugene F Fama、Lars Peter Hansen、Robert J Shillerの3氏に贈呈された。
doi: 10.1038/504097a
今年のノーベル医学生理学賞はRandy W Schekman、James E Rothman、Thomas C Südhofの3氏が受賞した。受賞理由は、細胞内で産生された大量の分子を適切なタイミングで目的地に間違いなく輸送する仕組みの解明である。
doi: 10.1038/504098a
ノーベル物理学賞は、基本粒子に質量を与える仕組みを理論的に明らかにしたFrançois Englert 、Peter W Higgsの両氏に贈られた。
doi: 10.1038/504099a
Very little is known about how a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) transitions from an inactive to an active state, but this study has solved the X-ray crystal structures of the human M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor bound to a high-affinity agonist in an active state and to a high-affinity agonist and a small-molecule allosteric modulator in an active state; the structures provide insights into the activation mechanism and allosteric modulation of muscarinic receptors.
doi: 10.1038/nature12735
A high-resolution electron cryo-microscopy structure of the rat transient receptor potential (TRP) channel TRPV1 in its ‘closed’ state is presented; the overall structure of this ion channel is found to share some common features with voltage-gated ion channels, although several unique, TRP-specific features are also characterized.
doi: 10.1038/nature12822
Using a peptide toxin and small vanilloid agonists as pharmacological probes, high-resolution electron cryo-microscopy structures of rat TRPV1–ligand complexes are solved; these structures highlight conformational differences between TRP and voltage-gated ion channels in their active states, and suggest a dual gating mechanism that may account for the ability of members of the TRP channel superfamily to integrate diverse physiological signals.
doi: 10.1038/nature12823
The immediate optical afterglow of the γ-ray burst GRB 120308A is highly polarized, showing that γ-ray bursts contain magnetized baryonic jets with large-scale uniform fields that can survive long after the initial explosion.
doi: 10.1038/nature12814
Although olivine was expected to occur within the deep, south-pole basins of asteroid Vesta, which are thought to be excavated mantle rocks, spectral data from NASA’s Dawn spacecraft show that it instead occurs as near-surface materials in Vesta’s northern hemisphere.
doi: 10.1038/nature12665
The El Niño propagation asymmetry (in which sea surface temperature anomalies propagate eastwards during an extreme El Niño event) is shown to be caused by the variations in upper ocean currents in the equatorial Pacific Ocean; increased occurrences of the propagation asymmetry may be a manifestation of global greenhouse warming.
doi: 10.1038/nature12683
The calculated density and seismic structure of the two best-exposed island arc sections (Kohistan and Talkeetna) reveals that the foundering of the lower arc crust produces a sharp seismic discontinuity characteristic of the continental Mohorovičić discontinuity.
doi: 10.1038/nature12758
The role that epistasis — non-additive interactions between alleles — plays in shaping population fitness is investigated in Drosophila melanogaster; the raw material to drive reproductive isolation is found to be segregating contemporaneously within species and does not necessarily require the emergence of incompatible mutations independently derived and fixed in allopatry.
doi: 10.1038/nature12678
Expression of more than 15,500 genes individually in a melanoma cell line treated with RAF, MEK, ERK or combined RAF–MEK inhibitors reveals a cyclic-AMP-dependent melanocytic signalling network associated with drug resistance; this may represent a novel therapeutic target for melanoma treatment.
doi: 10.1038/nature12688
Oncogenic Nras in mouse haematopoietic stem cells can increase the probability of cell division in some cells and decrease it in others; this bimodal activity explains how this single pre-leukaemic mutation can increase proliferation without reducing competitiveness by clonally expanding the rapidly dividing cell population and also promoting long-term self-renewal of stem cells.
doi: 10.1038/nature12830
Plants defend themselves against attackers by producing bioactive secondary metabolites such as triterpene saponins; here, the endoplasmic-reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) system is shown to control the activity of HMGR, the rate-limiting enzyme in the supply of the terpene precursor isopentenyl diphosphate, thereby preventing unrestrained saponin production and ensuring the integrity of plant development.
doi: 10.1038/nature12685
This work identifies a role for intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-intrinsic expression of histone deacetylase 3 in regulating commensal-bacteria-dependent gene expression and intestinal homeostasis; IEC-specific HDAC3 deficiency gives rise to Paneth cell abnormalities, impaired intestinal barrier function, and increased DSS-induced intestinal inflammation in commensal-bacteria-containing, but not germ-free, mice.
doi: 10.1038/nature12687
In neonatal mice, susceptibility to infection is due to an enriched subset of arginase-2-expressing CD71+ erythroid cells, which suppresses the systemic activation of immune cells, thereby protecting neonates against aberrant inflammation triggered by colonization with commensal microbes.
doi: 10.1038/nature12675
Brown adipose tissue-enriched lysine methyltransferase EHMT1 is an essential enzyme in the PRDM16–C/EBP-β transcriptional complex that controls brown adipose cell fate and energy metabolism.
doi: 10.1038/nature12652
Although the roles of pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins in RNA metabolism are well characterised, the mechanism by which they recognise specific single-stranded (ss)RNAs remains ill-understood; here X-ray crystal structures of maize PPR10 in the presence and absence of ssRNA provide details of the PPR10–ssRNA interaction.
doi: 10.1038/nature12651
These results reveal the first high-resolution structural analysis of LIMP-2 and, by homology modelling, the structure of SR-BI and CD36, members of the CD36 superfamily of scavenger receptor proteins.
doi: 10.1038/nature12684
