数学分野のオンライン共同プロジェクトの成功から、他の分野も多くを学べるだろう。
Parallel lines p.406
doi: 10.1038/506407b
doi: 10.1038/506407b
Our obligation to keep the suffering of laboratory animals to a minimum — both in life and in death — does not apply only to mammals.
doi: 10.1038/506407a
Putting a private craft into space requires vision, hard work and a big dose of optimism.
doi: 10.1038/506408a
H7N9 avian influenza may spread from China for first time.
doi: 10.1038/506415a
Game-theory test exposes circuits for social interaction.
doi: 10.1038/506416a
Brazilian state mulls support for Giant Magellan Telescope.
doi: 10.1038/506417a
Physicist explored the idea of a steady-state Universe in 1931.
doi: 10.1038/506418a
Common anaesthetic not the most humane option for zebrafish euthanasia, say studies.
doi: 10.1038/506419a
US–German airborne telescope slow to reach full capability.
doi: 10.1038/506420a
オンラインで多数の力を集めて協同で行うプロジェクトは、適切な問題を選べば、研究のスピードアップに役立つことが分かってきた。
doi: 10.1038/506422a
微生物の系統関係を推定する強力な手法が考案され、この系統関係が裁判の証拠として用いられるケースが増えているが、その扱いには注意が必要だ。
doi: 10.1038/506424a
半合成による薬剤設計の可能性を示した研究で、結核菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)に対する効力が弱い既存の抗生物質の1つの構造に修飾を加えることで、有効性が高い新種のリード化合物が作られた。
doi: 10.1038/506436a
光によって決まった位置に保持された微細粒子だけを使って、宇宙望遠鏡用の鏡を作り出すことは可能だろうか。光学的束縛と呼ばれる技術を使った研究によって、この目標が一歩近づいた。
doi: 10.1038/506437a
脳腫瘍の1つである上衣腫の研究から、あるサブタイプでは遺伝子再編成が見られるが、他の2つにはDNAに変異が生じていないことが分かった。これは、がんのイニシエーションの機構が一般に考えられているよりも幅広いことを示唆している。
doi: 10.1038/nature13061
モデル化研究と野外観察を組み合わせて、森林の中の空き地は風による種子の散布状況を変化させる可能性があることが明らかにされた。この知見は、植物の保全と関わってくる。
doi: 10.1038/506440a
電子の原子質量の新しい値は、素粒子物理学の標準模型の1兆分の1の精度での検証を可能にすると考えられる一連の測定の一環として得られた。
doi: 10.1038/nature13059
オートファジー関連タンパク質ATG16L1によく生じる変異は、クローン病のリスク因子である。だが、この遺伝学的変化は、細胞がストレスを受けてATG16L1がカスパーゼ3によって切断される時にだけ正体を現すことが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/nature13060
植生が生産する気化物質から微小なエアロゾル粒子が形成され、さらに大きくなる仕組みについては分かっていない。揮発性有機化合物から高度に酸化された産物が直接形成されるという知見は、解決の糸口になりそうだ。
doi: 10.1038/506442a
Although genetically bland, the posterior fossa group A subgroup of ependymomas, found often in infants and associated with poor prognosis, exhibit widespread epigenetic alterations, namely a CpG island methylator phenotype; these tumours are shown to be susceptible both in vitro and in vivo to various compounds that target epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and H3K27 tri-methylation.
doi: 10.1038/nature13108
At least two-thirds of supratentorial ependymomas contain oncogenic fusions between RELA, the principal effector of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling, and uncharacterized gene C11orf95; C11orf95–RELA fusion proteins translocate spontaneously to the nucleus to activate NF-κB target genes, and rapidly transform neural stem cells to form tumours in mice
doi: 10.1038/nature13109
The Crohn’s disease risk-conferring T300A variant in the autophagy protein ATG16L1 increases its sensitivity to caspase-3-mediated cleavage; this decreases the induction of autophagy in response to metabolic stress or pathogen infection, leading to increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
doi: 10.1038/nature13044
The optical spectrum of the star SMSS J031300.36−670839.3 shows no evidence of iron; this, together with comparisons of the star’s observed element abundance pattern with those of models, means that SMSS J031300.36−670839.3 must have been seeded with material from a single supernova with an original mass about 60 times that of the Sun.
doi: 10.1038/nature12990
A very precise measurement of the magnetic moment of a single electron bound to a carbon nucleus, combined with a state-of-the-art calculation in the framework of bound-state quantum electrodynamics, gives a new value of the atomic mass of the electron that is more precise than the currently accepted one by a factor of 13.
doi: 10.1038/nature13026
Fast optical pulses create a plasma of electrons and holes in a semiconductor in which excitons (pairs of holes and electrons) and combinations of two excitons emerge; now a stable liquid-like droplet of electrons and holes has been detected and called a ‘dropleton’.
doi: 10.1038/nature12994
The link between biogenic volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere and their conversion to aerosol particles is unclear, but a direct reaction pathway is now described by which volatile organic compounds lead to low-volatility vapours that can then condense onto aerosol surfaces, producing secondary organic aerosol.
doi: 10.1038/nature13032
We lack thermal histories for magma reservoirs, but here the magma under Mount Hood (Oregon, USA) is shown to have been too cold to mobilize for most of the time it has been stored, which implies that magma mobilizes (at which point it can be imaged geophysically) very quickly prior to eruption.
doi: 10.1038/nature12991
Dark melanin pigment was detected in the fossilized skin of three distantly related marine reptiles (a leatherback turtle, mosasaur and ichthyosaur); benefits of thermoregulation and/or crypsis may have contributed to this melanisation, which therefore has implications for our understanding of how these animals may have lived.
doi: 10.1038/nature12899
A developmental regulator in Caulobacter evolved to specify the location of cell envelope morphogenesis in a related genus.
doi: 10.1038/nature12900
A new method for identifying genetic loci that influence protein expression in budding yeast reveals considerable complexity in how genetic variation shapes the proteome.
doi: 10.1038/nature12904
A genetic locus from the gut symbiont Bacteroides ovatus is identified and described that encodes a cohort of enzymes and carbohydrate-binding proteins necessary for the metabolism of xyloglucans—a predominant component of dietary fibre.
doi: 10.1038/nature12907
Tissue-resident macrophages are shown to stop lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by spreading an anti-inflammatory calcium signal to alveolar epithelial cells through connexin-43-positive gap junction channels.
doi: 10.1038/nature12902
Peptidoglycan is an essential structural component of the cell wall in the majority of bacteria, but the obligate intracellular human pathogen Chlamydia trachoma tis was thought to be one of the few exceptions; here a click chemistry approach is used to label peptidoglycan in replicating C. trachoma tis with novel d-amino acid dipeptide probes.
doi: 10.1038/nature12892
A study investigating the mechanisms underlying lateral inhibition and lineage plasticity in the mouse small intestine crypts in vivo finds that crypt cells maintain a permissive chromatin state upon which a transcription factor acts to determine lineage specification, and this is the basis of lateral inhibition.
doi: 10.1038/nature12903