The Chinese government’s planned overhaul of its core research-funding system is vital if the country is to achieve its potential on the global scientific stage.
doi: 10.1038/514535a
Time to ramp up science’s contribution to controlling the Ebola outbreak.
doi: 10.1038/514535b
Papers in Nature journals should make computer code accessible where possible.
doi: 10.1038/514536a
Sulphur-rich eruption defies preparations for an ashy blast.
doi: 10.1038/514543a
World Health Organization lacks resources to witness destruction of stocks.
doi: 10.1038/514544a
Five-year Chinese study suggests that human activity made gelatinous outbreaks worse.
doi: 10.1038/514545a
Trials would study extension of lifespan in domestic setting.
doi: 10.1038/514546a
First of five linked institutes aims to capitalize on basic-research investments.
doi: 10.1038/514547a
Sequenced genomes reveal mutations that disable single genes and can point to new drugs.
doi: 10.1038/514548a
引用索引の考案から50年を記念して、Natureでは、これまでに最も多く引用された論文トップ100をリストアップする。
doi: 10.1038/514550a
エボラ出血熱の原因となるウイルスの解明は大きく進んでいるが、それでもまだ多くの謎が残っている。
doi: 10.1038/514554a
海綿類2種のゲノム塩基配列が解読され、ParaHox発生遺伝子の起源が以前に考えられていたよりも古いことを示す証拠が得られた。これは動物の分類と発生生物学や進化生物学に関係してくる。
doi: 10.1038/514570a
若い恒星への物質の降着では磁場が重要な要因なのではないかと、天文学研究者はしばらく前から感じていた。そして新たな観測により、磁場の働きが明らかになり始めた。
doi: 10.1038/nature13932
ヌクレオソームは周囲にDNAが巻き付いたタンパク質複合体である。ヌクレオソームに結合したある酵素の構造から、この2つの間の接触により酵素の配置方向が決まって、この酵素が特定のアミノ酸残基を修飾できるようになる仕組みが明らかにされた。
doi: 10.1038/514572a
複雑な組織の加工には、材料や細胞の三次元パターンをハイスループットで作る必要がある。小型のゲル成分を、カプセルに入れたラジカルの磁力によって集合させる方法がこれに適している可能性が出てきた。
doi: 10.1038/514574a
損傷を受けた心臓の構造の修復に繊維芽細胞が重要な役割を持つことは知られている。新たな知見により、繊維芽細胞は損傷によって内皮細胞になるように誘導され、損傷した血管の修復を助けていることが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/nature13928
腸の内表面を覆っている細胞は全身性の感染に応じて修飾され、宿主の感染に対する耐性を増すようになるが、これは腸内に住み着いている微生物に依存して行われることが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/nature13756
Three new euharamiyidan species from the Jurassic period of China are described, cementing the alliance with multituberculates and showing that the initial divergence between groups of extant mammals—monotremes on the one side, marsupials and placentals on the other—goes back to the Triassic period.
doi: 10.1038/nature13718
This study shows that cardiac injury induces cardiac fibroblasts to undergo mesenchymal–endothelial transition and acquire an endothelial-cell like fate, a process mediated, in part, by a p53-dependent mechanism — use of a small molecule activator of p53 increases mesenchymal–endothelial transition, leading to reduced scarring and better preservation of heart function.
doi: 10.1038/nature13839
The crystal structure of the PRC1 ubiquitylation module bound to its nucleosome core substrate is determined, revealing how a histone-modifying enzyme achieves substrate specificity by recognizing nucleosome surfaces distinct from the site of catalysis, and uncovering a unique role for the ubiquitin E2 enzyme in substrate recognition.
doi: 10.1038/nature13890
Measurements of polarized 1.25-mm continuum emission from the accretion disk of the T Tauri star HL Tau show that the magnetic field inside the disk cannot be dominated by a vertical component, and that a purely toroidal field also does not fit the data; this suggests that the role of the magnetic field in the accretion of a T Tauri star is more complex than the current theoretical understanding.
doi: 10.1038/nature13850
Investigation of the triple stellar system GG Tau A reveals gas fragments within the central cavity between the Keplerian outer ring orbiting the entire system and the stars themselves; gas flow from this outer ring appears capable of sustaining the inner disk surrounding component star GG Tau Aa beyond the accretion lifetime, leaving time for planet formation to occur.
doi: 10.1038/nature13822
Quantum tomography of individual electrons, which in principle yields complete knowledge of their quantum states, is demonstrated by initially preparing them in a well-controlled quantum state called a leviton.
doi: 10.1038/nature13821
In graphene nanoribbons of ‘zigzag’ edge orientation, the edges host unpaired electron spins that couple to generate long-range magnetic order (switching from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic inter-edge configuration as the ribbon width increases) under ambient conditions, enhancing the prospects for graphene-based spintronic devices.
doi: 10.1038/nature13831
Short carbon nanotubes spontaneously insert into lipid bilayers and live cell membranes to form channels with useful and tunable transport properties that make them a promising biomimetic nanopore platform for developing cell interfaces, studying nanofluidic transport in biological channels, and creating stochastic sensors.
doi: 10.1038/nature13817
Carbon dioxide and methane records from a West Antarctic ice core show that although gradual variations in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide during the last glacial termination are linked to changes in Antarctic temperature, the concentration underwent three abrupt, centennial-scale changes related to sudden climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere.
doi: 10.1038/nature13799
A study of the genomes of calcisponges shows that they contain at least one ParaHox gene, adding weight to the ‘ghost locus’ hypothesis that Hox and ParaHox genes were present in the earliest animal ancestor, but subsequently lost in some sponge lineages.
doi: 10.1038/nature13881
A functional assessment of paternal gene activation in Arabidopsis confirms that paternal genome activation does not occur in one early discrete step, shows that maternal and paternal genomes do not make equivalent contributions to early plant embryogenesis, and uncovers an unexpectedly large effect of hybrid genetic background on paternal gene activity.
doi: 10.1038/nature13620
KRAS mutations are a driver event of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; here, a subpopulation of dormant tumour cells, relying on oxidative phosphorylation for survival, is shown to be responsible for tumour relapse after treatment targeting the KRAS pathway.
doi: 10.1038/nature13611
The Staphylococcus epidermis CRISPR-Cas system can prevent lytic infection but tolerate lysogenization by temperate phage through a transcription-dependent DNA targeting mechanism.
doi: 10.1038/nature13637
Systemic exposure to Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands during sickness is shown to induce fucosylation of the small intestine in mice; some of the fucose is shed into the intestinal lumen, where it provides nourishment for the microbiota.
doi: 10.1038/nature13823
A mutation in VRC01, a broadly neutralizing, HIV-1-specific antibody, confers enhanced binding to the neonatal Fc receptor, increasing the antibody half-life in the serum and localization in mucosal tissues, where it provides superior protection against rectal simian HIV-1 infection in macaques.
doi: 10.1038/nature13612
Simultaneous disruption of two different protein–protein interactions within the (APC/C–Cdc20)–substrate complex can synergistically inhibit APC/C-dependent proteolysis and mitotic exit.
doi: 10.1038/nature13660
The transcriptions of frq sense and antisense RNAs are mutually inhibitory and form a double negative feedback loop required for robust and sustained circadian rhythmicity: antisense transcription inhibits sense expression by causing chromatin modifications and premature transcription termination.
doi: 10.1038/nature13671
