最近、科学研究界の至る所で登場する「エクセレンス」という表現は、その意味が文脈で変わり、曖昧だ。
Science needs to redefine excellence p.403
The concept of research excellence is ubiquitous, but its meaning depends on context.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02183-y
The concept of research excellence is ubiquitous, but its meaning depends on context.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02183-y
Young people get a raw deal from society. Targeted study and approaches as part of a new global effort are urgently needed to help them.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02185-w
Work on how rocks draw carbon from the air shows the scale of the challenge.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02184-x
Researchers hold out little hope that the next government will improve their underfunded research system.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02223-7
Researchers intend to transport the elusive material between labs and use it to study the strange behaviour of rare radioactive nuclei.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02221-9
Initial findings hint at the complexity of currents in the North Atlantic that drive the world's weather.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02113-y
Gene-editing tool can be harnessed to give a close-up view of life's most basic processes.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02068-0
The country's dedicated science fund has failed to raise enough money to finance projects.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02118-7
神経科学によって、青年期と危険な行動との間の微妙で深い関係が明らかになりつつある。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02170-3
子どもと大人の間である青年期を、どこからどこまでと定義すべきかに、研究者たちは悩まされている。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02169-w
1983年、統合失調症の原因の1つは、青年期に神経接続の剪定が阻害されることだとする仮説が提唱された。その後の画像化研究、遺伝的研究、分子研究によって、この説の予見性が証明された。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02053-7
圧縮されると反応する結晶が作られた。こうした過程のコンピューターシミュレーションによって、機械的に誘起される反応機構に関する切望されていた原子レベルの知見が得られた。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02047-5
ピエゾ(Piezo)タンパク質が機械的刺激に応答してイオンに細胞膜を通過させることによって、細胞は力を感知できる。今回得られたピエゾタンパク質の3つの構造は、この極めて重要な過程が機能する仕組みに光を当てる。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-01631-z
マウスの膵臓は、化学傷害や遺伝子Nr5a2の1つのコピーの欠損に応答して前炎症状態になる。この状態によって、マウスや(おそらくヒトも)膵炎や膵臓がんにかかりやすくなる可能性がある。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-01262-4
現在の電子デバイスでは、生体ニューロンの基本的な機能しか模倣できない。今回、メモトランジスターと呼ばれるデバイスが、この限界を克服し、人工知能システムを改善する可能性があることが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-02025-x
doi: 10.1038/nature25770
doi: 10.1038/nature25750
Investing in adolescents as the parents of the next generation is important for the wellbeing of current and future generations.
doi: 10.1038/nature25759
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the murine blood–brain barrier provides molecular definitions of the main vascular cell types, classifies perivascular cell types and sheds light on the organization of the arteriovenous axis.
doi: 10.1038/nature25739
The cryo-electron microscopy structure of full-length mouse Piezo1 reveals six Piezo repeats, and 26 transmembrane helices per protomer, and shows that a kinked helical beam and anchor domain link the Piezo repeats to the pore and control gating allosterically.
doi: 10.1038/nature25453
The electron cryo-microscopy structure of full-length mouse Piezo1 reveals unique topological features such as the repetitive transmembrane helical units that constitute the highly curved transmembrane region, and identifies regions and single residues that are crucial for the mechanical activation of the channel.
doi: 10.1038/nature25743
The halo of gas around a galaxy at redshift 1 is clumpy and anisotropic, with little variation in gas velocity, suggesting that it consists of entrained recycled material.
doi: 10.1038/nature25436
The discovery of a newly born type IIb supernova reveals a rapid brightening at optical wavelengths that corresponds to the shock-breakout phase of the explosion.
doi: 10.1038/nature25151
Polycrystalline monolayer molybdenum disulfide is used to fabricate a multi-terminal device combining a memristor and a transistor, which can mimic biological neurons with multiple synapses for neuromorphic computing applications.
doi: 10.1038/nature25747
‘Molecular anvil’ molecules consisting of a compressible mechanophore and incompressible ligands react under hydrostatic pressure to produce elemental metal via an unexplored mechanism.
doi: 10.1038/nature25765
An approach for the direct electrophilic C–H fluorination of arenes is reported, using a palladium catalyst and mild fluorinating reagents.
doi: 10.1038/nature25749
There has been a reduction of about forty per cent in the transport of carbonate ions to the deep North Atlantic Ocean since preindustrial times, severely endangering cold-water corals.
doi: 10.1038/nature25493
Satellite data and modelling reveal that tropical forest fragments have similar size distributions across continents, and that forest fragmentation is close to a critical point, beyond which fragment numbers will strongly increase.
doi: 10.1038/nature25508
Stiffening of the mesoderm owing to an accumulation of cells triggers collective migration of neural crest cells during morphogenesis.
doi: 10.1038/nature25742
Single-cell fluorescence microscopy reveals that cytokinesis occurs in two stages in Staphylococcus aureus, an initial slow phase followed by a faster phase after MurJ protein recruitment to the midcell triggers peptidoglycan synthesis.
doi: 10.1038/nature25506
In mouse pancreas cells with only one copy of the Nr5a2 gene, the orphan nuclear receptor NR5A2 undergoes a marked transcriptional shift from differentiation-specific to inflammatory genes, which results in an epithelial-cell-autonomous basal pre-inflammatory state.
doi: 10.1038/nature25751
A combination of TGFβ inhibition and checkpoint-inhibition therapy provokes a potent cytotoxic response against metastatic tumours derived from colorectal cancers in mice.
doi: 10.1038/nature25492
In humans, TGFβ signalling is associated with lack of response to immunotherapy in immune-excluded tumours; in mouse models of this immune phenotype, robust tumour infiltration by T cells and tumour regression are observed only when checkpoint inhibition is combined with inhibition of TGFβ signalling.
doi: 10.1038/nature25501
KSR–MEK complexes allosterically activate BRAF through the action of N-terminal regulatory region and kinase domain contacts, thus challenging the accepted role of KSR as a scaffold for MEK recruitment to RAF.
doi: 10.1038/nature25478