米国のハイイロオオカミが保護対象から外されると、望ましくない結果を生む恐れがある。
Under threat p.135
The grey wolf is at risk of losing its endangered status under US law.
doi: 10.1038/501135b
The grey wolf is at risk of losing its endangered status under US law.
doi: 10.1038/501135b
Four US studies are set to explore how genomic data can best help healthy and ill newborns. They must also settle some questions of ethics.
doi: 10.1038/501135a
Don’t treat a memoir as anything other than one person’s interpretation of events.
doi: 10.1038/501136a
US plan to remove federal protection elicits howls of protest.
doi: 10.1038/501143a
Decades-old search closes in on recursive pattern that describes electron behaviour.
doi: 10.1038/501144a
UK Natural Environment Research Council proposes to cut four institutes loose, but scientists fear for long-term data.
doi: 10.1038/501145a
Disclosure of chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing will empower green chemistry.
doi: 10.1038/501146a
Stalemate in Congress puts spending plans on hold.
doi: 10.1038/501147a
Argonne lab banks on beam-bending magnets in bid for world’s most focused X-ray light source.
doi: 10.1038/501148a
フィリピンで、両生爬虫類学者とスパイという二重生活を送った、Edward Taylorの足跡をたどる。
doi: 10.1038/501150a
100年もの間、物理学界は量子論のパラドックスに頭を悩ませてきたが、最近、量子論を作り直そうとする物理学者も出てきている。
doi: 10.1038/501154a
銃の所持率の数学的モデルが開発された。このモデルは銃規制に関する論争点を明確にしており、また小火器の制限が殺人発生率を低下させる可能性があることを、非常に慎重にだが、示唆している。
doi: 10.1038/501170a
発生中のマウス胚のゲノム全体にわたるスクリーニングがRNA干渉技術を使って行われ、皮膚がんの原因遺伝子候補が新たに見つかった。だが、一部の因子は、がんと正常組織の維持において相反する役割を持っているらしい。
doi: 10.1038/nature12547
誘導放出の機構を用いて、材料科学の基礎研究に役立つ弱いX線シグナルを増強する分光学的技術が開発された。
doi: 10.1038/501172a
グラム陰性細菌の外膜中にあるリポ多糖の宿主細胞による検知は、細胞表面にある受容体TLR4だけに依存していると考えられてきた。だが、リポ多糖は細胞質内にあっても検知可能らしいことが分かってきた。
doi: 10.1038/nature12556
大西洋の海嶺から得られた岩石中の硫黄同位体のフィンガープリントは、地表にある硫黄のかなりの割合は、地球の核形成の際の残りであることを示唆している。
doi: 10.1038/nature12554
2012年にカリフォルニア上空で爆発した隕石中の有機物質の分析から、隕石中で以前には見つかったことがない化合物の存在が明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/501177a
細胞間のクロストーク、酵素による触媒作用や遺伝子発現調節は全て、分子を認識することに依存している。そのため、望ましい認識部位を持つタンパク質の設計を可能とする手法が見つかれば、これは状況を一変させるものとなるだろう。
doi: 10.1038/nature12463
In male mice oxytocin acts as a social reinforcement signal within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core, where it elicits a presynaptically expressed long-term depression (LTD) of excitatory synaptic transmission in medium spiny neurons; deletion of oxytocin receptors from the dorsal raphe nucleus, which provides serotonergic innervation of the NAc, and blockade of NAc serotonin 1B receptors both prevent oxytocin-induced LTD and social reward.
doi: 10.1038/nature12518
Here, the first genome-wide in vivo RNA interference screens in a mammalian animal model are reported: genes involved in normal and abnormal epithelial cell growth are studied in developing skin tissue in mouse embryos, and among the findings, β-catenin is shown to act as an antagonist to normal epithelial cell growth as well as promoting oncogene-driven growth.
doi: 10.1038/nature12464
Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering requires very high photon densities to detect the relatively weak signals of interest, but here it is demonstrated that inducing stimulated X-ray emission from crystalline silicon can increase the signal level by several orders of magnitude and reduces sample damage.
doi: 10.1038/nature12449
Tertiary alcohols are displaced with a nitrogen nucleophile with stereoinversion and with high selectivity over less substituted alcohols, providing complementarity to the SN2 reaction and efficient access to nitrogenous marine terpenoids.
doi: 10.1038/nature12472
Reconstructed changes in North Atlantic nitrogen fixation over the past 160,000 years have a 23,000-year cycle that is interpreted to result from precession-paced changes in the supply of phosphorus to surface waters by equatorial Atlantic upwelling.
doi: 10.1038/nature12397
Holocene aquifers are the source of much arsenic poisoning in south and southeast Asia, whereas Pleistocene aquifers are mostly safe; here the delayed arsenic contamination of a Pleistocene aquifer is described and modelled.
doi: 10.1038/nature12444
Earth’s mantle is shown to display heterogeneous sulphur isotope ratios, with a depleted end-member that is not chondritic as has been thought; the mantle’s inferred composition can be accounted for by fractionation during core–mantle differentiation.
doi: 10.1038/nature12490
Computational protein design is used to create a protein that binds the steroid digoxigenin (DIG) with high affinity and selectivity; the computational design methods described here should help to enable the development of a new generation of small molecule receptors for synthetic biology, diagnostics and therapeutics.
doi: 10.1038/nature12443
Exome sequencing has found an excess of de novo mutations in the ~4,000 most intolerant genes in patients with two classical epileptic encephalopathies (infantile spasms and Lennox–Gastaut syndrome); among them are multiple de novo mutations in GABRB3 and ALG13.
doi: 10.1038/nature12439
Expression of the three transcription factors BLIMP1, PRDM14 and TFAP2C, or of PRDM14 alone, converts epiblast-like cells into primordial germ cell (PGC)-like cells; the transcription-factor-induced PGC-like cells acquire key transcriptome and epigenetic reprogramming in PGCs, and contribute to spermatogenesis and fertile offspring.
doi: 10.1038/nature12417
Using 4C technology, higher-order topological features of the pluripotent genome are identified; in pluripotent stem cells, Nanog clusters specifically with other pluripotency genes and this clustering is centred around Nanog-binding sites, suggesting that Nanog helps to shape the three-dimensional structure of the pluripotent genome and thereby contributes to the robustness of the pluripotent state.
doi: 10.1038/nature12420
The mechanism of action of three different allosteric MEK inhibitors that target the MAP kinase pathway is investigated, and their efficacy is shown to be explained by the distinct mechanisms regulating MEK activation in KRAS- versus BRAF-driven tumours; this work provides a rationale for designing more effective cancer therapies for these common genetic subtypes of cancer.
doi: 10.1038/nature12441
The entire hepatitis C virus life cycle can be recapitulated in an inbred mouse model, allowing preclinical assessment of antiviral therapeutics and vaccines.
doi: 10.1038/nature12427
Several death-domain-containing proteins are directly inactivated by the enteropathogenic Escherichia coli type III secretion system effector NleB; NleB functions as an N-acetylglucosamine transferase that modifies a conserved death domain arginine residue, blocking the receptor–adapter interaction.
doi: 10.1038/nature12436
Colonizing enteric bacteria are shown to inhibit the antimicrobial process of host cell apoptosis through the action of NleB1, a type III secretion system effector with N-acetylglucosamine transferase activity, which can bind and modify eukaryotic death-domain-containing proteins.
doi: 10.1038/nature12524
Neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) on regulatory T (Treg) cells is shown to interact with semaphorin-4a (Sema4a) to promote a program of Treg-cell stability and survival, in part through PTEN-mediated modulation of Akt signalling; Nrp1-deficient Treg cells can maintain immune homeostasis but fail to suppress in inflammatory sites, such as tumours, providing an attractive immunotherapeutic target for the treatment of cancers.
doi: 10.1038/nature12428
The lipid-binding profiles of all lipid-transfer proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are determined and a new subfamily of oxysterol-binding proteins that function in phosphatidylserine homeostasis and transport is identified.
doi: 10.1038/nature12430
