量子ベイズ主義（QBism）は、検証可能で現実的な応用の可能性を持つ量子力学の新たな捉え方である。
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Growth in yields of the cereal must double if the Green Revolution is to be put back on track.
doi: 10.1038/507399a
Growth in yields of the cereal must double if the Green Revolution is to be put back on track.
doi: 10.1038/507399a
New views of quantum theory that can be tested and have practical applications bring welcome echoes of physics past.
doi: 10.1038/507399b
The decay at ancient Pompeii is symbolic of a deeper malaise in Italy’s heritage.
doi: 10.1038/507400a
Despite drug’s legalization in two US states, biomedical science faces continued restrictions.
doi: 10.1038/507407a
Scientists must show projects’ potential to secure funding.
doi: 10.1038/507409a
Supreme Court ruling could affect medical-diagnostics firms.
doi: 10.1038/507410a
Archaeologists hope that funding and conservation boost can halt decay of ancient city.
doi: 10.1038/507411a
Government rethinks former president’s bid to create first unified science department.
doi: 10.1038/507412a
古代DNAの研究が可能になって30年が経ち、その進歩が、歴史の書き換えに大いに役立っている。
doi: 10.1038/507414a
自己免疫疾患の標的治療の開発は長く失敗を繰り返しているが、その流れを変えようと研究が続けられている。
doi: 10.1038/507418a
我々の脳は、辺りをさっと見回しているときでも、安定な外界像を造り出す。脳が目の動きを補償する仕組みについての研究から、視界を安定させる機構に予想外の方式が使われていることが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/507434a
太陽系の「内オールト雲」と呼ばれる領域に存在する二番目の天体が見つかった。このことは、巨大惑星と長い公転周期を持つ彗星の故郷との間にあるこの未知の領域について、新たな考察を促すものだ。
doi: 10.1038/507435a
生態系レベルでのメタン放出についてのメタ解析から、メタン放出は複雑な多数の要因によって制御されているにもかかわらず、温度に依存する単純な指数曲線を描くことが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/nature13215
気候シミュレーションから、熱帯太平洋でのエルニーニョ・南方振動と呼ばれる現象には数十年の周期を持つ大小の変動があり、全く予測不能である可能性が示唆された。
doi: 10.1038/507437a
老化した脳を神経変性から防御している因子はどんなものなのだろうか。高齢者では、RESTというタンパク質が老化したニューロンの細胞死を防いだり、認知能力を維持したりするのに中心的な役割を果たしていることが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature13214
理論と実験を組み合わせて、レーザー光で捕捉され、磁場中に置かれた極低温のエルビウム原子が、量子カオスの特徴を持つ衝突を起こすことが示された。
doi: 10.1038/nature13211
軟骨組織を作っている軟骨細胞中への亜鉛の取り込みが増大すると、マトリックスを破壊する酵素が活性化されて、骨関節炎で見られる軟骨の破壊が引き起こされることが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/507441a
Developments in quantum cryptography show that it is possible to protect secrets — from those with superior technology, those who profess to provide our security and even those who manipulate us without our knowledge — under surprisingly weak assumptions.
doi: 10.1038/nature13132
REST, a developmental regulator, is markedly induced in human neurons during ageing but is lost in Alzheimer’s disease; REST represses genes that promote neurodegeneration, is neuroprotective in animal models, and is associated with cognitive preservation and longevity in humans.
doi: 10.1038/nature13163
Using the FANTOM5 CAGE expression atlas, the authors show that bidirectional capped RNAs are a signature feature of active enhancers and identify over 40,000 enhancer candidates from over 800 human cell and tissue samples across the whole human body.
doi: 10.1038/nature12787
A study from the FANTOM consortium using single-molecule cDNA sequencing of transcription start sites and their usage in human and mouse primary cells, cell lines and tissues reveals insights into the specificity and diversity of transcription patterns across different mammalian cell types.
doi: 10.1038/nature13182
The discovery of the distant dwarf planet 2012 VP113, with its large perihelion like that of the dwarf planet Sedna, shows that Sedna is not isolated and may be part of the putative massive inner Oort cloud, which extends far beyond the observable Solar System.
doi: 10.1038/nature13156
An ultracold gas of erbium atoms is shown to have many scattering resonances whose quantum fluctuations exhibit chaotic behaviour resulting from the anisotropy of the atoms’ interactions.
doi: 10.1038/nature13137
The discrepancy between the components of the oceanic carbon budget — export of carbon from the surface and its conversion into carbon dioxide by water-column biota at depth — is reconciled using field data and a steady-state model which indicates that synergy between microbes and zooplankton is an important factor.
doi: 10.1038/nature13123
MAC waves (arising from magnetic, Archimedes and Coriolis forces) in the liquid core indicate a 140-kilometre-thick stratified layer on top of the Earth’s core and account for the 60-year geomagnetic fluctuations observed in the Earth’s geomagnetic field.
doi: 10.1038/nature13122
Meta-analyses show that the temperature dependence of methane fluxes scales consistently across populations of methanogens, microbial communities and whole ecosystems, and that this temperature dependence is higher than for respiration and photosynthesis; this indicates that global warming may impact the relative contributions of CO2 and CH4 to total greenhouse gas emissions.
doi: 10.1038/nature13164
Global maps constructed using climate-change velocities to derive spatial trajectories for climatic niches between 1960 and 2100 show past and future shifts in ecological climate niches; properties of these trajectories are used to infer changes in species distributions, and thus identify areas that will act as climate sources and sinks, and geographical barriers to species migrations.
doi: 10.1038/nature12976
Tamisiocaris borealis, an Early Cambrian member of the anomalocarids—giant, predatory marine stem arthropods—probably used its frontal appendage to trap microscopic, planktonic animals.
doi: 10.1038/nature13010
Studies of the head of the very primitive jawed vertebrate Romundina show that it combines jawed vertebrate architecture with cranial and cerebral proportions resembling those of extant jawless vertebrates such as lampreys.
doi: 10.1038/nature12980
Saccadic eye movements cause substantial shifts in the retinal image as we take in visual scenes, but our perception is stable and continuous; here, visual receptive fields are shown to shift dramatically towards the saccadic goal, running counter to the long-standing hypothesis of receptive field remapping as the basis of perceived stability.
doi: 10.1038/nature13149
The E3 ligase Cbl-b acts on TAM tyrosine kinase receptors and has a critical role in the regulation of natural killer (NK) cell rejection of metastatic tumours; a small molecule TAM kinase inhibitor is shown to enhance the anti-metastatic NK cell activity.
doi: 10.1038/nature12998
Here, the helix–loop–helix transcription factor Ascl2 is shown to be critically important for the initiation of follicular T-helper-cell development and the germinal centre response.
doi: 10.1038/nature12910
An amphiphile vaccine consisting of a peptide antigen or adjuvant cargo linked to a lipophilic tail is shown to have improved potency and safety in mice by targeting the lymph nodes.
doi: 10.1038/nature12978
