オーストラリアでの生体物質特許の有効性を認めるという決定は、診断薬の開発を妨げる恐れがある。
Genetic rights and wrongs p.143
Australia’s decision to uphold a patent on biological material is in danger of hampering the development of diagnostic tests.
doi: 10.1038/513143a
Australia’s decision to uphold a patent on biological material is in danger of hampering the development of diagnostic tests.
doi: 10.1038/513143a
Governments and research organizations must mobilize to end the West African outbreak.
doi: 10.1038/513143b
The space launch of a 3D printer does not herald a brave new era — but it is a good start.
doi: 10.1038/513144a
Research could founder or flourish if Scotland leaves the United Kingdom.
doi: 10.1038/513151a
Discovery buoys bid for mission to Jovian moon.
doi: 10.1038/513153a
Seismic activity started to rise just as two giant reservoirs on upper Yangtze were being filled with water.
doi: 10.1038/513154a
Machine will let astronauts create parts to order.
doi: 10.1038/513156a
加速度計を利用することで、動物が生存し続けるのに必要なエネルギーがどのくらいかを測定できそうだ。
doi: 10.1038/513157a
さまざまな技術により、これまでは不可能だった視覚障害者の視力回復に、希望が見え始めている。
doi: 10.1038/513160a
テナガザルのゲノムが初めて解読され、進化的に短い時間枠内でゲノムの切り混ぜを起こせる仕組みについて、またテナガザルがどのようにして東南アジアの密林に適応し、多様化していったのか、その状況についての手がかりが得られた。
doi: 10.1038/513174a
正常に機能するウイルスに対する適応免疫を細菌が迅速に発達させるのには、複製ができない欠陥ウイルスにあらかじめ感染しておくのが重要であることが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/513175a
捉えにくいヒドロキシルラジカルの全球分布が絞り込まれたことで、大気の清浄化に関わるこの物質の濃度を制御する複雑かつ相互に関連し合う要因についての解明が一歩進みそうだ。
doi: 10.1038/513176a
道路建設がもたらすはずの経済的利益と、それが環境に及ぼす被害とを予想した世界的マップは、持続可能な開発を計画するための手段の1つとなる。
doi: 10.1038/nature13744
過去30年間にわたって集められた、海洋混合の高分解能測定値がまとめられ、海洋深層水が表層に戻っていく仕組みが明らかになった。こうした過程は地球の気候を調節するのに役立っている。
doi: 10.1038/513179a
マウスが動く際には、運動を制御する脳領域と聴覚制御に関わる脳領域を結び付けているニューロンが聴覚応答を抑制することが分かった。しかし、この抑制がなぜ起こるのか、その理由はまだはっきりしていない。
doi: 10.1038/nature13658
質量降着中の超大質量ブラックホールはクエーサーと呼ばれ、宇宙の灯台としても知られているが、ほぼ2万個のクエーサーからなるサンプルの解析から、クエーサーが示す多様な性質のほとんどが、たった2つの量によって説明できることが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/513181a
The iterative, reagent-controlled homologation of a boronic ester is used to create an ‘assembly line’ capable of synthesizing organic molecules that contain ten contiguous, stereochemically defined methyl groups and which have different shapes depending on the stereochemistry of those groups.
doi: 10.1038/nature13711
Here auditory cortex excitatory neurons are shown to decrease their activity during locomotion, grooming and vocalization, and this decrease was paralleled by increased activity in inhibitory interneurons; these findings provide a circuit basis for how self-motion and external sensory signals can be integrated to potentially facilitate hearing.
doi: 10.1038/nature13724
The genome of the gibbon, a tree-dwelling ape from Asia positioned between Old World monkeys and the great apes, is presented, providing insights into the evolutionary history of gibbon species and their accelerated karyotypes, as well as evidence for selection of genes such as those for forelimb development and connective tissue that may be important for locomotion through trees.
doi: 10.1038/nature13679
The Cancer Genome Atlas reports on molecular evaluation of 295 primary gastric adenocarcinomas and proposes a new classification of gastric cancers into 4 subtypes, which should help with clinical assessment and trials of targeted therapies.
doi: 10.1038/nature13480
Analysis of archival quasar data reveals that two quantities — the Eddington ratio and orientation — explain most of the diverse characteristics of quasars.
doi: 10.1038/nature13712
A series of long-lived excitons in a monolayer of tungsten disulphide are found to have strong binding energy and an energy dependence on orbital momentum that significantly deviates from conventional, three-dimensional, behaviour.
doi: 10.1038/nature13734
Observations of methyl chloroform combined with an atmospheric transport model predict a Northern to Southern Hemisphere hydroxyl ratio of slightly less than 1, whereas commonly used atmospheric chemistry models predict ratios 15–45% higher.
doi: 10.1038/nature13721
A moraine chronology determined by surface exposure dating shows that glaciers in the northern tropical Andes expanded to a larger extent during the Antarctic cold reversal (14,500 to 12,900 years ago) than during the Younger Dryas stadial (12,800 to 11,500 years ago), contrary to previous studies; as a result, previous chronologies and climate interpretations from tropical glaciers may need to be revisited.
doi: 10.1038/nature13546
A global zoning scheme is proposed to limit the environmental costs of road building while maximizing its benefits for human development, by discriminating among areas where road building would have high environmental costs but relatively low agricultural advantage, areas where strategic road improvements could promote agricultural production with relatively modest environmental costs, and ‘conflict areas’ where road building may have large agricultural benefits but also high environmental costs.
doi: 10.1038/nature13717
In poeciliid fish, the evolution of the placenta is associated with polyandry in females and correlates with a suite of phenotypic and behavioural traits in males.
doi: 10.1038/nature13451
The Pyrin inflammasome detects the presence of a pathogen not through recognition of a microbial molecule but by the activity of a bacterial toxin that modifies host Rho activity.
doi: 10.1038/nature13449
The metagenome of uncultured, Pacific Ocean viruses linked to a ubiquitous cyanobacteria is characterized using viral-tagging, revealing discrete populations in viral sequence space that includes previously cultivated populations and new populations missed in isolate-based studies.
doi: 10.1038/nature13459
The continuing rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations suppresses the development of stomatal pores, and thus gas exchange, in plant leaves on a global scale; now, a framework of mechanisms by which carbon dioxide represses development has been identified.
doi: 10.1038/nature13452
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase is shown to be depleted in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and inhibits ccRCC progression by antagonizing glycolytic flux in renal tubular epithelial cells and by restraining cell proliferation, glycolysis, and the pentose phosphate pathway in von Hippel–Lindau-protein-deficient ccRCC cells by blocking hypoxia-inducible factor function.
doi: 10.1038/nature13557
Linear sequence elements within messenger RNAs are known to be targeted by regulatory factors such as microRNAs for degradation, a process that has been implicated in disease; now, non-linear regulatory structural elements within mRNAs are shown also to be targeted, with the resulting mRNA destabilization mediating breast cancer metastasis.
doi: 10.1038/nature13466
Femtosecond X-ray pulses were used to obtain diffraction data on photosystem II, revealing conformational changes as the complex transitions from the dark S1 state to the double-pumped S3 state; the time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography technique enables structural determination of protein conformations that are highly prone to traditional radiation damage.
doi: 10.1038/nature13453
