ロシアが研究分野で国家管理を強化しようとしているが、これは西側との協力関係を損ない、科学基盤を弱めることになる。
Russian roulette p.475
Attempts to keep foreign interests out of Russian research will only suppress the exchange of information, and risk damaging East–West relations.
doi: 10.1038/526475a
Attempts to keep foreign interests out of Russian research will only suppress the exchange of information, and risk damaging East–West relations.
doi: 10.1038/526475a
Scientists, meeting organizers and the media must take care with preliminary findings.
doi: 10.1038/526475b
Food regulators are right to place new forms of data on the safety menu.
doi: 10.1038/526756a
Community takes action in wake of Geoffrey Marcy case.
doi: 10.1038/526483a
Tech firm’s ambitious goals and abundant resources attract life scientists.
doi: 10.1038/526484a
Wish list also includes new particle collider.
doi: 10.1038/526485a
Moscow biology department among the first to require that all manuscripts comply with law on state secrets.
doi: 10.1038/526486a
Positive news buoys a beleaguered field, but treatment benefits may fade.
doi: 10.1038/526487a
Improved diplomatic relations feed a budding environmental partnership.
doi: 10.1038/526488a
現在、史上最強クラスのエルニーニョが発生しつつあり、科学者たちは大きな被害をもたらすエルニーニョ現象の解明につなげようと、待ち構えている。
doi: 10.1038/526490a
現代の生活は、どうしてこう忙しいのだろうか？ — 英国オックスフォード大学の生活時間研究所が、所有する世界最大の日誌コレクションを使って、その答えを見いだそうとしている。
doi: 10.1038/526492a
管の中の滑らかな流れが乱流に変わる際の重要な特徴が簡単なモデルによって明らかにされた。今回得られた知見は、もっと複雑なモデルへの道を開くものであり、また工業技術への影響も考えられる。
doi: 10.1038/526508a
腸内病原体の1つへの急性感染が原因となって、腸内微生物によって維持されて長期間続く炎症が引き起こされることが、マウスで観察された。この観察結果は、感染歴が長期的な免疫機能に影響し得る経路の存在を明らかにしている。
doi: 10.1038/526509a
西南極氷床のモデルでは、今後数世紀にわたってかなりの量の氷が失われることだけでなく、海水準上昇に大きく寄与すると考えられている氷河の1つがすでに不安定化している可能性も予測されている。
doi: 10.1038/526510a
あらゆる細胞種を生じさせることが可能なように操作を加えたヒト細胞から胚性腎臓に似た構造が誘導された。今回の進展は、移植可能な腎臓を培養によって成長させる道筋を示している。
doi: 10.1038/nature15639
生理学的解析、電子顕微鏡法、それに単一細胞を化学的に画像化する方法を併用して、メタン酸化を行う微生物コンソーシアに属するメンバー間では直接的な電子伝達が起こっていることが示唆された。
doi: 10.1038/526513a
インド太平洋地域にある27の観測地点についての評価から、海水準上昇に直面しつつある現在、マングローブ林の生存のカギを握るのは堆積物の累積であることが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/526515a
ケプラー宇宙望遠鏡と地上の望遠鏡から得られたデータの解析から、白色矮星を巡る軌道上でバラバラになった状態にある小さな惑星が少なくとも1個（おそらく数個）見つかった。
doi: 10.1038/526515b
現生鳥類198種のゲノム塩基配列から、データの範囲と深度の前例のない組み合わせが得られ、現生鳥類の進化早期における系統類縁関係について、これまでで最も確実な説明がもたらされた。
doi: 10.1038/nature15638
Genomic approaches in more than 500 patients are used to extend the number of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) driver alterations, and also identify novel recurrent mutations in non-coding regions, including an enhancer of PAX5 and the 3′ untranslated region of NOTCH1, which lead to aberrant splicing events, increased NOTCH1 protein stability and activity, and an adverse clinical outcome.
doi: 10.1038/nature14666
This study reports exome sequencing of samples from 538 individuals with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), including 278 collected as part of a prospective clinical trial; recurrently mutated genes are identified and pathways involved in CLL are highlighted, as well as their evolution in progression and disease relapse.
doi: 10.1038/nature15395
The anaerobic oxidation of methane in marine sediments is performed by consortia of methane-oxidizing archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria; an examination of the role of interspecies spatial positioning on single cell activity reveals that interspecies electron transfer may overcome the requirement for close spatial proximity, a proposition supported by large multi-haem cytochromes in ANME-2 genomes as well as redox-active electron microscopy staining.
doi: 10.1038/nature15512
Crystal structures are presented of Thermus thermophilus CarH, a photoreceptor that uses a vitamin B12 derivative, in all three relevant states: in the dark, both free and bound to operator DNA, and after light exposure.
doi: 10.1038/nature14950
High-resolution X-ray spectra reveal highly ionized X-ray gas flows in a nearby tidal disruption event, ASASSN-14li, near to the black hole of the galaxy PGC 043234.
doi: 10.1038/nature15708
The atmospheres of white dwarfs often contain elements heavier than helium, even though these elements would be expected to settle into the stars’ interiors; observations of the white dwarf WD 1145+017 suggest that disintegrating rocky bodies are orbiting the star, perhaps contributing heavy elements to its atmosphere.
doi: 10.1038/nature15527
Experiments, asymptotic theory and computer simulations of wall-bounded shear flow uncover a bifurcation scenario that explains the transition from localized turbulent patches to fully turbulent flow.
doi: 10.1038/nature15701
In non-Hermitian systems, spectral degeneracies can arise that can cause unusual, counter-intuitive effects; here exciton-polaritons—hybrid light–matter particles—within a semiconductor microcavity are found to display non-trivial topological modal structure exclusive to such systems.
doi: 10.1038/nature15522
Assessment of mangrove forest surface elevation changes across the Indo-Pacific coastal region finds that almost 70 per cent of the sites studied do not have enough sediment availability to offset predicted sea-level rise; modelling indicates that such sites could be submerged as early as 2070.
doi: 10.1038/nature15538
The kidney arises from two types of progenitors; here, the signalling conditions that induce the production of collecting ducts and functional nephrons from human pluripotent stem cells are determined, and organoids that recapitulate the functional regionalization of the kidney are produced.
doi: 10.1038/nature15695
A phylogeny of birds is presented from targeted genomic sequencing of 198 species of living birds representing all major avian lineages; the results find five major clades forming successive sister taxa to the rest of Neoaves and do not support the recently proposed Neoavian clades of Columbea and Passerea.
doi: 10.1038/nature15697
Data from experiments that manipulated grassland biodiversity across Europe and North America show that biodiversity increases an ecosystem’s resistance to, although not resilience after, climate extremes.
doi: 10.1038/nature15374
It is generally thought that the quiescence of tissue is not actively maintained, but rather a state reflecting the absence of proliferative signal; here the authors find that quiescence is actively maintained by paracrine hedgehog signalling provided by the epithelium in the mouse adult lung, and that hedgehog is dynamically regulated during injury repair and resolution for proper restoration of tissue homeostasis after injury.
doi: 10.1038/nature14984
Next-generation RAF inhibitors that inhibit oncogenic BRAF without inducing paradoxical pathway activation in cells with mutant RAS might yield improved safety and more durable efficacy.
doi: 10.1038/nature14982
Marine anaerobic methanotrophic archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria connect by pili-like nanowires, suggesting that direct interspecies exchange of electrons could be a fundamental mechanism in the anaerobic oxidation of methane.
doi: 10.1038/nature15733
Under stress, such as heat shock, the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is shown to accumulate primarily in the 5′ untranslated region of induced mRNAs owing to the translocation of an m6A interacting protein, YTHDF2, into the nucleus, resulting in increased cap-independent translation of these mRNAs, indicating one possible mechanism by which stress-responsive genes can be preferentially expressed.
doi: 10.1038/nature15377
