オピオイドの乱用に単純な解決策はないが、科学も社会もこの問題の深刻さに早急に気付いて動き出すべきだ。
Opiate deaths demand serious action p.541
Epidemic of painkiller addiction and overdoses in the United States needs a wide-ranging response.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07657-z
Epidemic of painkiller addiction and overdoses in the United States needs a wide-ranging response.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07657-z
New laws that promote centuries-old herbal remedies are a backwards step for China. Only controlled clinical trials can satisfy concerns.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07650-6
Researchers join those donning headphones to cope with open-plan chatter.
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07617-7
Researchers funded by the US military are developing appliances to record neural activity and automatically stimulate the brain to treat mental illness.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.23031
Expanded genetic alphabet could allow for the production of new protein-based drugs.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.23040
Long-awaited industrial strategy pins hopes on commercial gains from research.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.23043
Scientists fear plans to abandon clinical trials of centuries-old remedies will put people at risk.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.23038
スーパーコンピューターの能力を極限まで高めた「エクサスケール」コンピューターの実現へ向け激しい競争が続いているが、技術的課題はとてつもなく多い。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07523-y
今回、細胞分裂後に単一核内部で染色体が一体化する仕組みに、BAFという小さなDNA結合タンパク質が関与しており、染色体同士の結合に役立っている可能性があることが示された。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07439-7
量子計算デバイスは、古典的な計算デバイスより強力なものになり得るが、大きな量子系の制御は難しい。今回、2つの研究によって、この困難を克服する成果が報告されている。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07438-8
マウスの分析から、1つには腸内微生物の一部に影響を及ぼすことによって、食塩が血圧を上昇させることが示唆された。高血圧に関する今回の成果は、ヒトにおいてさらなる研究を行う根拠を示している。
doi: 10.1038/nature24760
血圧や心拍数などの個人のバイタルサインをモニターする新たなシステムが開発された。今回のシステムでは、センシング能力の向上、快適性、利便性など、現在用いられている手法を超える利点が多く得られる。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07434-y
4大陸にまたがる64か所の考古学的な遺跡を調べた研究で、農業システムや政治システムの発達が経済格差を生み、そうした格差が北米よりもユーラシアで大きかったことが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/nature24758
メタンから異なる2つの生成物を作るよう調整できるロジウム触媒が、今回開発された。この知見は、メタンという豊富にある資源を利用する工業的過程の開発に役立つ可能性がある。
doi: 10.1038/d41586-017-07437-9
小胞と標的細胞器官の融合をin vivoで駆動するエネルギー源は、よく分かっていない。今回、融合する構造体をつなぐタンパク質も、最終的な融合段階に必要なエネルギーを低下させることが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature24754
Programmable quantum simulations of many-body systems are demonstrated using a reconfigurable array of 51 individually trapped cold atoms with strong, coherent interactions controlled via excitation to Rydberg states.
doi: 10.1038/nature24622
High salt intake changed the gut microbiome and increased TH17 cell numbers in mice, and reduced intestinal survival of Lactobacillus species, increased the number of TH17 cells and increased blood pressure in humans.
doi: 10.1038/nature24628
BRCA1, but not BRCA2, suppresses the formation of tandem duplications at stalled replication forks in primary mammalian cells.
doi: 10.1038/nature24477
IceCube has measured the absorption of atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos in the Earth, and found that the interaction cross-section of multi-TeV neutrinos is within 50 per cent of the predictions of the standard model.
doi: 10.1038/nature24459
Many-body dynamical phases in an Ising-like quantum spin model with long-range interactions are observed by measuring correlations in single shots, using a quantum simulator composed of 53 qubits.
doi: 10.1038/nature24654
Single-site isolated rhodium species anchored on zeolites or titanium dioxide are shown to catalyse the direct conversion of methane to methanol and acetic acid, using oxygen and carbon monoxide under mild conditions.
doi: 10.1038/nature24640
The functionalization of specific inert C–H bonds avoids the need for functional groups in organic synthesis and here the challenges of this approach are overcome using a dirhodium catalyst that is capable of C–H bond site-selectivity.
doi: 10.1038/nature24641
Halogen abundances in chondrites are 6 to 37 times lower than previously reported, which is consistent with the low abundances of these elements found in Earth.
doi: 10.1038/nature24625
Analyses of house-size distributions in the Old and New World showed that wealth disparities increased with the domestication of plants and animals and with increased sociopolitical scale.
doi: 10.1038/nature24646
Longitudinal and circular muscle fibres have distinct regulatory roles during planarian regeneration.
doi: 10.1038/nature24660
Sperm-activated lysosomes enhance proteostasis in nematode oocytes just before fertilization; this could prevent transmission of damaged proteins to the next generation and may explain the immortality of the germ-cell lineage.
doi: 10.1038/nature24620
Tethering proteins, known to mediate initial recognition and attachment during membrane fusion, are essential for driving the transition from the hemifused state to fusion pore formation.
doi: 10.1038/nature24469
Cancers growing in high-oxygen environments, such as lung adenocarcinomas, select for the iron–sulfur cluster synthesizing enzyme NFS1 to support malignant proliferation and to protect from oxidative damage.
doi: 10.1038/nature24637
A modified Escherichia coli is used to demonstrate that semi-synthetic organisms can use non-natural hydrophobic base pairs to genetically encode for the incorporation of non-canonical amino acids into proteins.
doi: 10.1038/nature24659
A pathway for the production of aromatic amino acid metabolites in Clostridium sporogenes is described; modulation of serum levels of these metabolites in gnotobiotic mice affects intestinal permeability and systemic immunity.
doi: 10.1038/nature24661
Cryo-electron microscopy analysis of yeast Rad26 bound to RNA polymerase II provides insight into the initiation of the transcription-coupled DNA repair mechanism in eukaryotes.
doi: 10.1038/nature24658
