情報の公開、共有、再利用は技術革新により進んできたが、科学者の受けとめ方は分野によって違いがある。
Disciplinary action p.409
How scientists share and reuse information is driven by technology but shaped by discipline.
doi: 10.1038/495409b
How scientists share and reuse information is driven by technology but shaped by discipline.
doi: 10.1038/495409b
A ban on advocacy and promotion of gun control is keeping US agencies from conducting research that is sorely needed to inform policy on firearms and prevent shootings.
doi: 10.1038/495409a
The latest private research vessel to be launched could open up the world of marine science.
doi: 10.1038/495410a
Space telescope culls exotic creation theories with ultra-precise microwave map.
doi: 10.1038/495417a
Italian health minister’s support for a controversial treatment appals the country’s scientists.
doi: 10.1038/495418a
European agency will publish firms’ clinical-trial results.
doi: 10.1038/495419a
Falkor plots a fresh course for ocean studies with Google cash.
doi: 10.1038/495420a
Con artists are stealing the identities of real journals to cheat scientists out of publishing fees.
doi: 10.1038/495421a
Tabletop Higgs particles may illuminate cosmic cousin.
doi: 10.1038/495422a
この特集では、様変わりしていく科学論文発表の在り方を見つめる。
doi: 10.1038/495425a
安価なオープンアクセス誌の増加で、論文出版にかかる費用や出版社による付加価値に疑問の目が向けられている。
doi: 10.1038/495426a
データ公開が推進される中で、図書館や研究者も遅れまいと努力している。
doi: 10.1038/495430a
オープンアクセス出版の急増で、運営のうさんくさいところも増えている。
doi: 10.1038/495433a
抗レトロウイルス療法はHIV/エイズの世界的流行に対する闘いに大変革をもたらした。南アフリカ農村地帯における大規模集団の調査解析は、この治療法に対する持続的な支援が不可欠であることを示す説得力ある事例となっている。
doi: 10.1038/495452a
一連のナノ粒子をイリジウム基板に支持されたグラフェンシート上に並べるなどの巧妙な方法により、ナノ粒子の原子構造の正確な測定が可能になった。
doi: 10.1038/495453a
亜熱帯大西洋における生物起源のオパール産生の記録は、最終氷期の終わり頃に海洋深層水からの二酸化炭素の放出を駆動したのは、風ではなく、大洋循環であったという説を裏付けている。
doi: 10.1038/495454a
結晶性の「スポンジ」を使えば、小型の分子も規則正しく並べることができるので、その構造をX線結晶学によって解明できる。この技術を使えば、ナノグラム程度の量で物質の解析が可能になる。
doi: 10.1038/495456a
Gタンパク質共役受容体の活性は細胞表面に限られるものではない。顕微鏡観察によって、これらの受容体によって送り出される、時間的、空間的そしておそらくは機能的にも異なる3種類のシグナル伝達の波の存在を示す証拠が得られた。
doi: 10.1038/nature12086
5億年前の岩石から、管の中に棲んでいたギボシムシの化石が見つかったことは、脊椎動物の祖先が移動性のある虫に似た動物なのか、それとも固着性の群体の一員だったのかという議論に解決の光明を投じることになりそうだ。
doi: 10.1038/nature11963
Absorption of target molecules into a porous matrix permits single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the ‘guest’ molecules, avoiding the need to obtain them in single-crystal form and making analysis possible using as little as 80 nanograms of sample.
doi: 10.1038/nature11990
The identification of pathogenic mutations within prion-like domains (PrLDs) of the RNA-binding proteins hnRNPA2B1 and hnRNPA1 add to our understanding of how mutations in these proteins lead to degenerative disease, and highlight the potential importance of PrLDs in degenerative diseases of the nervous system, muscle and bone.
doi: 10.1038/nature11922
Inactivating the CLP1 RNA kinase in mice leads to a progressive loss of motor neurons, through a mechanism related to the accumulation of a novel set of small RNA fragments derived from aberrant processing of tyrosine pre-transfer RNA.
doi: 10.1038/nature11923
Cryo-electron microscopy structures of key intermediates during the sequential assembly of the pre-initiation complex are presented; structures of the closed and open-promoter complexes allow insights into the process of promoter melting.
doi: 10.1038/nature11991
New and archival observations of the low-metallicity dwarf irregular galaxy WLM show that it contains carbon monoxide, the main tracer for interstellar clouds capable of forming stars, and suggest that in small galaxies both star-forming cores and carbon monoxide become increasingly rare as the metallicity decreases.
doi: 10.1038/nature11933
The vibrational motion of trapped BaCl+ molecules can be quenched by collisions with ultracold calcium atoms at a rate comparable to the classical scattering rate; this method is over four orders of magnitude more efficient than traditional sympathetic cooling schemes and should be applicable to many different types of molecule.
doi: 10.1038/nature11937
Records of biogenic opal export in the North Atlantic Ocean show pronounced maxima during each glacial termination over the past 550,000 years, consistent with a strong deglacial reduction in the formation of silicate-poor glacial North Atlantic intermediate water and a consequent increase in upward silicate transport.
doi: 10.1038/nature12006
Sea-floor magnetotelluric soundings along a portion of the East Pacific Rise reveal a symmetric, high-conductivity triangular region at depths of 20–90 kilometres that is consistent with partial melting of passively upwelling mantle.
doi: 10.1038/nature11932
Examination of a fossil enteropneust, Spartobranchus tenuis (Walcott, 1911), from the Cambrian-period Burgess Shale shows that they looked similar to modern enteropneusts but lived in tubes, like modern pterobranchs; the findings shed light on the common ancestor of enteropneusts and pterobranchs, and hence the origin of chordates.
doi: 10.1038/nature12017
Newly discovered fossils of primitive birds from China, preserved with ovarian follicles intact, show that birds only had one functioning ovary at any given time from a very early date, but that other features, such as skeletal and sexual maturity, remained very dinosaur-like.
doi: 10.1038/nature11985
Bacteria promote faster evolution of individual genes through orientation-dependent encounters between DNA replication and transcription.
doi: 10.1038/nature11989
High levels of TFIID, a basal transcription factor, are found to be essential to induce and maintain the transcriptional program of pluripotent cells.
doi: 10.1038/nature11970
The TcA component of Photorhabdus luminescens ABC-type toxin complexes forms a transmembrane pore and injects TcC, the functional component of the toxin, into the target cell by means of a syringe-like mechanism.
doi: 10.1038/nature11987
Haematopoietic expression of the adaptor protein Trib1 is shown to be required for the presence of adipose-tissue-resident macrophages with an M2-like phenotype; Trib1 deficiency leads to aberrant expression of C/EBPα and impaired adipose tissue function.
doi: 10.1038/nature11930
The microtubule orientation regulators CLASP and MAP65 are shown to control the distribution of the polarity regulator PINOID kinase by controlling its retention at the plasma membrane, providing a mechanism for how polarity is established in plants.
doi: 10.1038/nature11980
Conformation-specific antibodies capable of monitoring the activation state of a G-protein-coupled seven-transmembrane receptor, the β2-adrenoceptor, reveals receptor and G-protein activation not only in the plasma membrane, but also in the endosome.
doi: 10.1038/nature12000
