抗生物質耐性と闘うために、研究者は、問題を深刻に受け止める理解者を増やす努力を強化すべきだ。
Antibiotic threat p.379
In the fight to combat antibiotic resistance, researchers should strengthen their advocacy.
doi: 10.1038/499379b
In the fight to combat antibiotic resistance, researchers should strengthen their advocacy.
doi: 10.1038/499379b
A resurgence in organic technology is set to transform the world of electronic devices, offering a way to give the very fabric of life enhanced functionality.
doi: 10.1038/499379a
Region abandoned owing to stalled approval process.
doi: 10.1038/499387a
Researchers race to track spread of coronavirus.
doi: 10.1038/499388a
Initiative aims to clarify description of mesenchymal cells.
doi: 10.1038/499389a
Studies refute the existence of very small embryonic-like cells endorsed by the Vatican.
doi: 10.1038/499390a
US physicists hope to rejuvenate a classic technology to support key neutrino experiments.
doi: 10.1038/499391a
Experts say Shanghai sea wall will cripple wetland habitat.
doi: 10.1038/499392a
頼みの綱の1つであるカルバペネム系抗生物質に対する耐性菌の増加に、公衆衛生当局は強い懸念を抱いている。
doi: 10.1038/499394a
家畜への抗生物質投与が、ヒトの薬剤耐性菌のまん延を招いている恐れがある。
doi: 10.1038/499398a
鳥H7N9インフルエンザのヒトでの流行が報道されたのは2013年初頭である。ウイルスの構造研究と感染機構の研究は、このようなウイルスが新規な種に感染し、その種内で伝播するような適応を可能とする仕組みを明らかにするのに役立つ。
doi: 10.1038/nature12455
媒体の分散と非線形的性質が密接に関係しているように見える場合には、ソリトンと呼ばれる、粒子に似た存在が形成され得る。今回、このようなソリトンが強く相互作用するフェルミ原子の気体中で観測された。
doi: 10.1038/nature12454
シグナル伝達分子SHP2の活性化は、数種のがんの進行に関わっている。だが、新たに見つかった骨前駆細胞種では、SHP2は腫瘍抑制因子として働いているようだ。
doi: 10.1038/nature12412
チリのアタカマ砂漠に建設されたアタカマ大型ミリ波干渉計（ALMA）による観測から、近傍にあるスターバースト銀河から吹き出している風の低温分子相の性質が明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/499416a
クラスBに属するGタンパク質共役受容体の結晶構造が初めて明らかにされた。この構造から分かった受容体の特性は、骨粗鬆症から糖尿病に至る多様な疾病の治療薬開発戦略に情報を与えることになるだろう。
doi: 10.1038/nature12413
Fabrication techniques developed for graphene research allow the disassembly of many layered crystals (so-called van der Waals materials) into individual atomic planes and their reassembly into designer heterostructures, which reveal new properties and phenomena.
doi: 10.1038/nature12385
Solitons — solitary waves that maintain their shape as they propagate — in a strongly interacting superfluid of fermionic lithium atoms are found to have an effective mass more than 50 times larger than the theoretically predicted value, a sign of strong quantum fluctuations.
doi: 10.1038/nature12338
Uncultivated archaeal and bacterial cells of major uncharted branches of the tree of life are targeted and sequenced using single-cell genomics; this enables resolution of many intra- and inter-phylum-level relationships, uncovers unexpected metabolic features that challenge established boundaries between the three domains of life, and leads to the proposal of two new superphyla.
doi: 10.1038/nature12352
Approximately 30% of known drugs target G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), but all the published structures of GPCRs to date are from the class A family of GPCRs; here the first X-ray crystal structure of a member of the class B family of GPCRs, the human corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1, is determined.
doi: 10.1038/nature12357
The X-ray crystal structure of the human glucagon receptor, a potential drug target for type 2 diabetes, offers a structural basis for molecular recognition by class B G-protein-coupled receptors.
doi: 10.1038/nature12393
Observations of the galaxy NGC 253 show that the cool molecular wind from the central starburst region limits star-formation activity and the final stellar content.
doi: 10.1038/nature12351
The age of the representative Martian meteorite NWA 5298 is determined using spatially correlated electron-beam nanostructural and uranium–lead isotopic measurements of microminerals, resolving a paradox of different age interpretations for the evolution of Martian crust.
doi: 10.1038/nature12341
Electronic sensor foils only 2 μm thick are extremely light, 27-fold lighter than office paper, durable and flexible and conform to curvilinear surfaces for many innovative applications.
doi: 10.1038/nature12314
Long-term time series of surface ocean-atmosphere heat fluxes show that the mid-latitude North Atlantic ocean may influence atmospheric variability on multidecadal timescales.
doi: 10.1038/nature12268
A modelling study of the mechanisms of extinction within ecological networks reveals how even a small reduction in the population size of a species may lead to the loss of its ecological functionality—that is, to its functional extinction—by causing extinction of other organisms in the food web, often only indirectly connected to the focal species, revealing the value of conservation strategies that target a broader ecological network.
doi: 10.1038/nature12277
High-coverage sequencing of 79 (wild and captive) individuals representing all six non-human great ape species has identified over 88 million single nucleotide polymorphisms providing insight into ape genetic variation and evolutionary history and enabling comparison with human genetic diversity.
doi: 10.1038/nature12228
In monkeys performing a visual spatial attention task, stimulation of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus and recording of shock-evoked responses from monosynaptically connected primary-visual-cortex neurons shows that attention enhances neuronal communication by increasing the efficacy of presynaptic input, increasing synchronous responses, and by decreasing redundant signals.
doi: 10.1038/nature12276
Vascularized, functional human liver is generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by transplantation of liver buds created in vitro (iPSC-LBs); hepatic cells self-organized into three-dimensional iPSC-LBs, and human vasculatures in iPSC-LB transplants became functional by connecting to host vessels, stimulating maturation of iPSC-LBs into tissue resembling adult liver and performing liver-specific functions.
doi: 10.1038/nature12271
Here, mTORC1-dependent lipogenic programming is shown to be important for regulatory T-cell function, in part through the upregulation of the effector molecules CTLA4 and ICOS.
doi: 10.1038/nature12297
Deletion of Ptpn11 in a newly defined mesenchymal progenitor population in the perichondral groove of Ranvier leads to metachondromatosis by increasing Indian hedgehog expression and activating hedgehog signalling, a process that can be reversed with the use of hedgehog pathway inhibitors.
doi: 10.1038/nature12396
An examination of the receptor-binding properties of the H7N9 virus, which has recently emerged in China, shows that the virus has acquired the ability to bind the human α-2,6-linked sialic acid receptor while retaining binding to the avian α-2,3-linked receptor, and therefore does not have the preference for human versus avian receptors characteristic of pandemic viruses.
doi: 10.1038/nature12372
An initial characterization of the receptor-binding properties of the novel avian influenza A (H7N9) shows that the virus has acquired the ability to bind human receptors while retaining the ability to bind avian receptors; the virus infects epithelial cells in the human lower respiratory tract and type II pneumocytes in the alveoli, and hypercytokinaemia was seen in infected patients.
doi: 10.1038/nature12379
