ヒトパピローマウイルス(HPV)ワクチンの接種を、積極的に進めるべきだ。
Active protection p.253
Parents should vaccinate their children against human papillomavirus.
doi: 10.1038/499253b
Parents should vaccinate their children against human papillomavirus.
doi: 10.1038/499253b
Two huge projects have the potential to revolutionize neuroscience, as long as they don’t drain money from other work and are monitored to keep them on target.
doi: 10.1038/499253a
Lasers will one day improve data transfer from spacecraft, but hurdles must still be overcome.
doi: 10.1038/499254a
NASA mission to retrieve a small space rock could be tripped up by lack of candidates.
doi: 10.1038/499261a
Investigators hope to track origins of the transgenic crop.
doi: 10.1038/499262a
Early success could bolster congressional support for agency’s translational science centre.
doi: 10.1038/499263a
As moratorium lifts, oversight is put in place to assess studies on eradicated cattle virus.
doi: 10.1038/499264a
But ecologists say they need more funding.
doi: 10.1038/499265a
Optical systems set to handle planetary science’s big data.
doi: 10.1038/499266a
オンライン学習の爆発的人気を受けて、科学の実践的技術を教える新しい方法を編み出そうと研究が行われている。
doi: 10.1038/499268a
米国とヨーロッパがそれぞれ、脳の働きを理解すべく数十億ドル規模の大プロジェクトを計画しているが、技術的な課題は大きい。
doi: 10.1038/499272a
アンドレーエフ束縛状態は超伝導の弱結合理論の特徴である。用途の広いジョセフソン効果をソース、デバイス、検出器として使って、このような1/2スピン状態が直接観測された。
doi: 10.1038/499286a
植物は大気中に含まれる二酸化炭素の濃度の上昇に、水をより効率的に使うことで対処すると予想されている。この仮説を直接裏付ける証拠が森林での観察から得られたが、効果の大きさについては論争を呼びそうだ。
doi: 10.1038/nature12411
病原体が温度変化を生き抜く仕組みはどのようなものなのだろうか。分子レベルで見ると、ある細菌は、該当するRNAの塩基配列の構造平衡を介して、温度に応じた遺伝子発現の調節を行うらしい。
doi: 10.1038/nature12410
CP対称性の破れとして知られる現象は、物質の存在をまさに説明するもので、BS0中間子の崩壊で観測された。この知見は素粒子物理学の標準模型が正しいことをまた別の側面から示している。
doi: 10.1038/499290a
患者のデータと関連付けられた数値モデリングで、がんにおける薬剤耐性の発生防止には併用療法の方が連続療法よりも効果的であることが示唆されている。この予測手法は個別化治療への道を容易にする可能性がある。
doi: 10.1038/499291a
腸チフス菌(Salmonella Typhi)が産生する毒素の分析によって、毒素サブユニットが異例の構造をとっていることが明らかになり、腸チフスの症状の大半が片方のサブユニットのDNA損傷能に関連していることも分かった。
doi: 10.1038/nature12409
Sensitive protein sensors of calcium have been created; these new tools are shown to report neural activity in cultured neurons, flies and zebrafish and can detect single action potentials and synaptic activation in the mouse visual cortex in vivo.
doi: 10.1038/nature12354
A muscle-specific membrane protein called myomaker is transiently expressed during myogenesis and is both necessary and sufficient to drive myoblast fusion in vivo and in vitro.
doi: 10.1038/nature12343
LRG1 is identified as a new regulator of TGF-β signalling that promotes angiogenesis via a TβRII–ALK1–ENG–Smad1/5/8 signalling pathway; antibody-mediated inhibition of LRG1 reduces pathogenic neovascularization in a mouse model of retinal injury.
doi: 10.1038/nature12345
A fundamental and previously unobserved aspect of the Josephson effect is revealed through spectroscopic measurements of the excited Andreev states in superconducting atomic contacts.
doi: 10.1038/nature12315
A method of producing perovskite-sensitized solar cells by sequential — as opposed to single-step — deposition of the perovskite’s components onto a nanoporous titanium oxide film allows for greater reproducibility of device performance and a record power conversion efficiency of 15 per cent.
doi: 10.1038/nature12340
Synchrotron-based nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy is used to characterize the reactive Fe(iv)=O intermediate of the halogenase SyrB2; the substrate directs the orientation of this intermediate, presenting specific frontier molecular orbitals that can activate the selective halogenation.
doi: 10.1038/nature12304
Present-day forests use water more efficiently, probably owing to the effect of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide on leaf stomata, which partially close to maintain a near-constant level of carbon dioxide inside the leaves despite increasing atmospheric levels.
doi: 10.1038/nature12291
Newly determined ratios and abundances of sulphur, selenium and tellurium in mantle peridotites are consistent with the view that a ‘late veneer’ of slightly volatile-depleted, carbonaceous-chondrite-like material supplied between 20 and 100 per cent of the silicate Earth’s highly volatile elements, such as hydrogen and carbon.
doi: 10.1038/nature12285
An autosomal chromosome pair in Drosophila, the dot chromosome, is shown to have evolved from an ancestral X chromosome: these findings explain several previously puzzling aspects of dot chromosome biology and challenge the view that differentiated sex chromosomes represent a terminal evolutionary stage.
doi: 10.1038/nature12235
In the mouse whisker region of primary somatosensory cortex (S1), neurons projecting to secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) and primary motor cortex (M1), respectively, are differentially activated during distinct whisker-based behavioural tasks; sensory stimulus features alone do not elicit these differences, suggesting that selective transmission of S1 information to S2 and M1 is driven by behaviour.
doi: 10.1038/nature12236
Rett syndrome is caused by mutations in MeCP2, and this study identifies a site on MeCP2, T308, whose phosphorylation is regulated by neuronal activity: phosphorylation of T308 blocks the interaction of MeCP2 with the NCoR co-repressor complex, suppressing MeCP2's ability to repress transcription, and mice carrying mutations of MeCP2 T308 show Rett-syndrome-related symptoms.
doi: 10.1038/nature12348
Naked mole rats seem almost entirely protected from developing cancer, and this can now, at least in part, be explained by the production of a unique high-molecular-mass form of hyaluronan, a component of the extracellular matrix; together with an increased sensitivity of naked mole-rat cells to hyaluronan signalling, this form protects its cells from oncogenic transformation.
doi: 10.1038/nature12234
Unlike most salmonellae, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi causes life-threatening systemic infections known as typhoid fever, for which the molecular basis is unknown; here administration of typhoid toxin produced by S. Typhi reproduces many of the acute symptoms of typhoid fever, carbohydrates on cell surface glycoproteins are identified as receptors for typhoid toxin and the toxin’s crystal structure is determined, providing insights into these interactions.
doi: 10.1038/nature12377
In the human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus, the riboswitch regulating gene expression of the adenosine deaminase is shown to exist in three distinct stable conformational states; this three-state mechanism allows control of gene expression over a broad temperature range, which is essential for Vibrio adaptation.
doi: 10.1038/nature12378
Asymmetric sequence determinants flanking gene transcription start sites are shown to control directionality of transcription elongation in mammalian cells by regulating promoter-proximal cleavage and polyadenylation.
doi: 10.1038/nature12349
The X-ray crystal structure of a member of the glucose-specific phosphotransferase system (EIIAGlc) bound to the MalFGK2 maltose transporter is presented, revealing that two EIIAGlc proteins bind to the cytoplasmic ATPase subunits of the maltose transporter to stabilize it in an inward-facing conformation that prevents ATP hydrolysis.
doi: 10.1038/nature12232