除草剤抵抗性雑草のまん延を防ぐためには、除草剤の使用や抵抗性雑草出現などについて慎重な管理が必要で、そうでなければ遺伝子組換え作物も何の役にも立たない。
A growing problem p.187
Without careful stewardship, genetically engineered crops will do little to stop the spread of herbicide-resistant weeds.
doi: 10.1038/510187a
Without careful stewardship, genetically engineered crops will do little to stop the spread of herbicide-resistant weeds.
doi: 10.1038/510187a
Standardized procedures and analyses should help to get stem-cell therapies to the clinic.
doi: 10.1038/510187b
International researchers can help to improve the scientific enterprise in South America.
doi: 10.1038/510188a
Moratorium on controversial therapy lifted as stem cells emerge as alternative source of treatment.
doi: 10.1038/510195a
NASA pushes research agenda in face of Russian resistance.
doi: 10.1038/510196a
Efforts to get more breast-cancer gene variants into public databases are gaining ground.
doi: 10.1038/510198a
Hydroacoustic signal caught by sensors in the Indian Ocean may be linked to crash of Malaysian airliner.
doi: 10.1038/510199a
研究開発のリソースの拡充によって、南米の科学に好機が生まれつつある。
doi: 10.1038/510201a
この20年の経済発展のおかげで南米各国の科学は大きく伸びてきたが、研究の質や世界の中での位置は、まだ期待を下回り、国による格差も大きい。
doi: 10.1038/510202a
多くの国がさまざまな問題を抱えているが、科学界には優れた才能も育っている。
doi: 10.1038/510204a
海外へ出た研究者を再び呼び戻そうという、各国の努力の成果が出始めている。
doi: 10.1038/510207a
ダイヤモンドを含む複合材料は、世界中で最も硬いものの範疇に入るが、極端な条件下では硬度が低下する。タマネギに似た形のカーボン前駆体から作られたナノ構造化した形態のダイヤモンドは、このような問題を克服できそうだ。
doi: 10.1038/510220a
植食性の昆虫によって傷害を受けたトマトは、風で運ばれる化学物質を放出して、攻撃が迫っていることを近くの仲間に知らせる。知らせを受け取った方のトマトは、このシグナルを防御用の武器に変換することが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/510221a
あるタイプのヒト免疫不全症の原因がCTPS1という酵素の欠損であることが明らかになり、免疫応答に代謝が重要な役割を持つことが強調され、また白血病のような疾患を治療する方法が示唆された。
doi: 10.1038/nature13346
ニュートリノについて、それ自体が自身の反粒子であることが分かれば、素粒子物理学に大変革がもたらされるだろう。高感度の技術の開発によって、このような発見を可能にする核崩壊過程の探索が加速している。
doi: 10.1038/nature13501
従来、遺伝子調節に関わっていると考えられていたある酵素が、がんのプログレッションに役割を担っていて、変異型K-Rasタンパク質が駆動する細胞内シグナル伝達経路を亢進させていることが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/nature13343
遺伝病を治療する方法の1つは、欠陥のある遺伝子を修復することだが、幹細胞ではこれが非常に難しいことがすでに分かっている。プロトコルの最適化が行われ、血液細胞前駆体での遺伝子修復ができるようになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature13344
The EXO-200 Collaboration Neutrinos are known to have mass, in contradiction to the predictions of the standard model, and one explanation of this mass is that they are Majorana fermions; this conjecture could be proved by observation of the neutrinoless double-β decay process, but new experiments with 136Xe find no statistically significant evidence for this process.
doi: 10.1038/nature13432
Pietro Genovese, Giulia Schiroli, Giulia Escobar, Tiziano Di Tomaso, Claudia Firrito+ et al. The feasibility of targeted genome editing in human haematopoietic stem cells is demonstrated; the study overcomes previously existing barriers by tailoring delivery platforms and culture conditions.
doi: 10.1038/nature13420
Drew Thacker, Neeman Mohibullah, Xuan Zhu & Scott Keeney DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) are shown to form in greater numbers in yeast cells lacking ZMM proteins, which are traditionally regarded as acting strictly downstream of DSB formation; these findings shed light on how cells balance the beneficial and deleterious outcomes of DSB formation.
doi: 10.1038/nature13120
Emission spectra from the host galaxies of two γ-ray bursts reveal that the regions where the bursts occur are rich in dust but not in molecular gas, which is unexpected because γ-ray bursts are associated with the explosions of massive stars that require molecular gas as fuel.
doi: 10.1038/nature13325
Nanotwinned diamond synthesized with onion carbon nanoparticles as precursors has much higher hardness and thermal stability than natural diamond; its enhanced hardness is due to the reduced size of its twin structures.
doi: 10.1038/nature13381
Extreme positive-Indian-Ocean-dipole events cause devastating floods in eastern tropical Africa and severe droughts in Asia; increasing greenhouse gas emissions will make these dipole events about three times more frequent in the twenty-first century.
doi: 10.1038/nature13327
A grassland warming and CO2 enrichment experiment shows that temperature increase brings forward the growing season of early leafing species, but does not affect or delays senescence in late species, the latter enhanced by elevated CO2.
doi: 10.1038/nature13207
Inhibitory neuron activity is found to be relatively stable during motor learning whereas excitatory neuron activity is much more dynamic — the results indicate that a large number of neurons exhibit activity changes early on during motor learning, but this population is refined with subsequent practice.
doi: 10.1038/nature13235
Molecular, pharmacological and functional data show that haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are predisposed to ER-stress-mediated apoptosis compared to closely related progenitors; a framework for understanding how stress signalling is coordinated within the hematopoietic hierarchy and integrated with stemness is provided, and may have implications for the improvement of clinical transplantation of HSCs.
doi: 10.1038/nature13228
Regeneration of the heart muscle after myocardial infarction with cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells is demonstrated in non-human primates, with the grafts showing evidence of electromechanical coupling, although they were also associated with non-fatal arrhythmias.
doi: 10.1038/nature13233
Small-molecule compounds that target the BET domain in proteins such as BRD4 have recently been identified as potential anticancer agents; here, the efficacy of the BRD4-targeting compound JQ1 is demonstrated in castration-resistant prostate cancer driven by deregulated androgen receptor action.
doi: 10.1038/nature13229
SMYD3 is a methyltransferase overexpressed in several human tumours; here methylation of the MAP3K2 kinase by SMYD3 is shown to be critical for Ras-induced tumour development in mouse models and human tumour cells, showing an unexpected role for methylation in a kinase signalling pathway and revealing a candidate therapeutic target.
doi: 10.1038/nature13320
Loss-of-function mutations in the human CTP synthase 1 gene cause an immunodeficiency disease with impaired T cell proliferation after antigen stimulation, revealing a potential new target for immunosuppressive drugs.
doi: 10.1038/nature13386
This study shows how the yeast Ctf4 protein couples the DNA helicase, Cdc45–MCM–GINS, to DNA polymerase α — the GINS subunit of the helicase and the polymerase use a similar interaction to bind Ctf4, suggesting that, as Ctf4 is a trimer, two polymerases could be simultaneously coupled to a single helicase during lagging-strand synthesis.
doi: 10.1038/nature13234
A metabolomics quantification of NADPH production and consumption fluxes in proliferating mammalian cells reveals that, in addition to canonical pathways such as the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, NADPH can also be produced by a folate metabolism pathway, a discovery providing new insights into the metabolism of cell growth.
doi: 10.1038/nature13236
