西アフリカでのエボラ出血熱の大流行によって、新興感染症対策の大きな欠陥が露呈した。
First response, revisited p.459
The Ebola outbreak in West Africa has starkly exposed major gaps in plans to tackle emerging infectious diseases. Lessons must be learned.
doi: 10.1038/513459a
The Ebola outbreak in West Africa has starkly exposed major gaps in plans to tackle emerging infectious diseases. Lessons must be learned.
doi: 10.1038/513459a
German research organizations need to help their workers to defend animal research.
doi: 10.1038/513459b
As the Scottish referendum showed, scientists’ views can influence political debate.
doi: 10.1038/513460a
Activist Marina Silva is gaining ground in presidential polls.
doi: 10.1038/513467a
Teamwork at centre of Chinese Academy of Sciences reform.
doi: 10.1038/513468a
US and UN mobilizations are welcome but overdue.
doi: 10.1038/513469a
Easy-to-make perovskite films rival silicon for efficiency.
doi: 10.1038/513470a
Strategy lauded, but some fear it is lax on agricultural use.
doi: 10.1038/513471a
FDA will continue to monitor safety from health records.
doi: 10.1038/513472a
シエラレオネのとある病院は、史上最悪のエボラ出血熱大流行の最前線で、治療と研究に苦闘を続けてきた。
doi: 10.1038/513474a
米国では海上に強い風の吹くところは多くあるものの、エネルギーとしての利用は進んでいない。
doi: 10.1038/513478a
カナダのフレイザー川の詳細な調査から、河水の流れ方に関するこれまでの予想に疑問が投げ掛けられた。今回の結果は、水路が河床の岩盤を削って峡谷が形成される仕組みを再評価する必要性を明らかにしている。
doi: 10.1038/513490a
タンパク質は細胞でリボソームによって合成される。それぞれ異なる阻害剤と結合した酵母リボソーム16個の構造が明らかにされ、薬剤がリボソームの活性に影響を与える仕組みについての解明が進んだ。
doi: 10.1038/nature13747
カリブ海西インド諸島でのアノールトカゲの多様性についての研究から、島嶼生物地理学でこれまで重要な影響要因とされていた地理的隔離が、人為的な経済的隔離に取って代わられたことが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/513492a
海王星と同じ程度の大きさの太陽系外惑星の大気中に水の存在を示す決定的な証拠が初めて見つかった。この結果は、より小型の地球型惑星で水を探索する道を開くと考えられる。
doi: 10.1038/513493a
小人症を引き起こす2種類の疾患について、幹細胞を使ったモデルが開発され、高コレステロール血症の治療薬であるスタチンが、軟骨形成と骨成長も促進する可能性が明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature13750
カルシウムは光合成で水からの酸素発生に働く触媒の必須成分である。この触媒から酸素が解離されるようにすることも、カルシウムの働きの1つであるようだ。
doi: 10.1038/nature13753
Rubiscoは光合成に関わる酵素である。より効率の良いRubiscoを産生するタバコが、遺伝学的操作によって開発された。この成果は、作物の収量増大につながる重要な一歩である。
doi: 10.1038/nature13749
in vitroで生成した細胞が、自然に生じた同種の細胞とどのような関係にあるかを明らかにするネットワーク生物学用のソフトウエアであるCellNetが開発された。CellNetは、目的に合った細胞の培養による生成を容易にすると考えられる。
doi: 10.1038/513498a
Asian monsoons were strongly active 40 million years ago and were enhanced by high atmospheric CO2 content. They were significantly weakened when CO2 levels decreased 34 million years ago and then reinitiated several million years later.
doi: 10.1038/nature13704
This study reprograms fibroblasts from thanatophoric dysplasia type I (TD1) and achondroplasia (ACH) patients into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), finding that chondrogenic differentiation results in the formation of degraded cartilage; statin treatment led to significant recovery of bone growth in a mouse model of ACH.
doi: 10.1038/nature13775
Mutations that dysregulate Notch1 and Ras/PI3K signalling are common in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia; here, treatment with a PI3K inhibitor is shown to induce drug resistance that is associated with downregulation of activated Notch1 signalling, suggesting that inhibition of both Notch1 and PI3K could promote drug resistance.
doi: 10.1038/nature13495
Whereas previous structural investigation of ribosome inhibitors has been done using the prokaryotic ribosome, this work presents X-ray crystal structures of the yeast ribosome in complex with 16 inhibitors including eukaryotic-specific inhibitors; the inhibitors all bind the mRNA or tRNA binding sites, larger molecules appear to target specifically the first elongation cycle.
doi: 10.1038/nature13737
Simulations tracing the mixing of chemical elements as star-forming clouds assemble and collapse show that turbulent mixing during cloud assembly naturally produces a scatter of stellar abundance much smaller than that in the gas, explaining why stars in the same cluster appear to be nearly identical in their chemical abundances.
doi: 10.1038/nature13662
Space telescope observations of the transmission spectrum of the extrasolar planet HAT-P-11b, which is about the same size as Neptune, reveal water vapour absorption at a wavelength of 1.4 micrometres and indicate that the planetary atmosphere is predominantly clear down to an altitude corresponding to about 1 millibar.
doi: 10.1038/nature13785
The oxygen isotopic composition of seawater sulphate in oxygen-deficient waters records the degree of in situ sulphur cycling.
doi: 10.1038/nature13698
A survey along the Fraser Canyon in Canada reveals complex flow dynamics involving velocity inversions and upwelling, which suggests ways to improve flow and bedrock incision modelling.
doi: 10.1038/nature13779
A contemporary test of the theory of island biogeography, in which species richness is determined by an island’s area and isolation, shows that geographic area is still a good positive predictor of species richness, but that geographic isolation as a negative predictor has been replaced by economic isolation.
doi: 10.1038/nature13486
A contemporary test of the theory of island biogeography, in which species richness is determined by an island’s area and isolation, shows that geographic area is still a good positive predictor of species richness, but that geographic isolation as a negative predictor has been replaced by economic isolation.
doi: 10.1038/nature13739
The plant enzyme Rubisco is the main enzyme converting atmospheric carbon dioxide into biological compounds, however, this enzymatic process is inefficient in vascular plants; this study demonstrates that tobacco plants can be engineered to fix carbon with a faster cyanobacterial Rubisco, thus potentially improving plant photosynthesis.
doi: 10.1038/nature13776
In the mouse, nerve-associated peripheral glial cells give rise to mesenchymal stem cells that contribute to the development and growth of adult teeth.
doi: 10.1038/nature13536
The human fungal pathogen Mucor circinelloides develops spontaneous resistance to an antifungal drug both through mutation and through a newly identified epigenetic RNA-mediated pathway; RNA interference is spontaneously triggered to silence the fkbA gene, giving rise to drug-resistant epimutants that revert to being drug-sensitive once again when grown in the absence of drug.
doi: 10.1038/nature13575
The growth of tumours is supported by tumour production of lactic acid, which polarizes tumour-associated macrophages to an M2 phenotype through a pathway dependent on hypoxia-inducible factor 1α.
doi: 10.1038/nature13490
The alarmin interleukin-33 is constitutively expressed at barrier sites and released in response to tissue damage; here, the IL-33 receptor ST2 is shown to be preferentially expressed on colonic regulatory T cells, where it promotes regulatory T-cell function and adaptation to the inflammatory tissue environment.
doi: 10.1038/nature13577
Crystal structure of the RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 bound to a guide RNA and a target DNA duplex reveals how base-specific recognition of a short motif known as PAM in the DNA target results in localized strand separation in the DNA immediately upstream of the PAM, allowing the target DNA strand to hybridize to the guide RNA.
doi: 10.1038/nature13579
