気候変動と闘うための国際的な合意達成の先行きに、明るさが見えてきている。
Warming up p.5
Prospects for international agreement on combating climate change look brighter.
doi: 10.1038/514005b
Prospects for international agreement on combating climate change look brighter.
doi: 10.1038/514005b
Cleaning up the literature can be difficult.
doi: 10.1038/514005a
A mixture of focus and innovation is the way forward for big neuroscience.
doi: 10.1038/514006a
Infants with mysterious conditions stand to benefit — but technique raises ethical questions.
doi: 10.1038/514013a
Critics worry Nagoya Protocol will hamper disease monitoring.
doi: 10.1038/514014a
Public-health experts fear that one epidemic may fuel another in West Africa.
doi: 10.1038/514015a
Largest and highest plateau in the world has outsized impact on climate.
doi: 10.1038/514016a
Isotope analysis could help in the rush to save South Africa's cycads from extinction.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2014.16010
Small institutions fear exclusion from Large Synoptic Survey Telescope's benefits.
doi: 10.1038/514018a
アルゼンチンのピエール・オージェ観測所は、超高エネルギー宇宙線の起源を求めて10年近く観測を続けてきたが、成果は挙がっていない。
doi: 10.1038/514020a
南米に到達した人類はすぐにその大陸の隅々にまで広がったことが、最近の研究で分かってきた。
doi: 10.1038/514024a
グリーンランド氷床の掘削されたボーリング孔と自然に生じた氷河甌穴での水圧測定から、氷床下水文系が夏の融氷期の氷の移動を制御する仕組みが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/514038a
二本鎖DNA切断修復の第一段階が調べられ、酵素のMre11がDNAの切断末端から離れた所に切れ目を入れ、修復処理をさらに進めるためにエキソヌクレアーゼ活性を持つ酵素が入り込む入り口を作っていることが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/nature13751
土星の衛星であるタイタンの南極上空に2012年に出現した雲は、シアン化水素の粒子からなることが分かった。この予想外の結果は、タイタンの大気について、再考を促すものだ。
doi: 10.1038/514040a
3種類のモノクローナル抗体を混合した治療薬によって致死量のエボラウイルスを投与されたサル全てが回復したことが報告された。感染後に使われる他の治療薬とは異なり、この薬による治療は感染症が進行した状態であっても効果を発揮する。
doi: 10.1038/nature13746
降着中の超大質量ブラックホールについての、長い宇宙時間にわたる赤外線観測から、このような明るい天体が形成され、進化する仕組みについての通常の理解が、調整を要するものであることが示された。
doi: 10.1038/514043a
ヒト皮膚に住み着いている微生物のゲノムについて、1つにまとめた形で解析が行われ、このような群集の構成は、個人によって、また体の部分によって異なっていることが実証された。この結果は、こうした微生物の機能を解明する道を開くものだ。
doi: 10.1038/514044a
A new treatment, containing an optimized cocktail of three monoclonal antibodies against Ebola virus, provided full protection and disease reversal in rhesus monkeys when given under conditions in which controls succumbed by day 8; this new therapy may be a good candidate for treating Ebola virus infection in human patients.
doi: 10.1038/nature13777
To investigate the role of sub-clonal tumour heterogeneity in cancer progression, a mouse xenograft model was used which revealed that tumour growth can be driven by a minor cell subpopulation by a non-cell-autonomous mechanism, although this minor subpopulation can be outcompeted by faster proliferating competitors.
doi: 10.1038/nature13556
Previous work has shown that human skin is home to a rich and varied microbiota; here a metagenomic approach for samples from physiologically diverse body sites illuminates that the skin microbiota, including bacterial, fungal and viral members, is shaped by the local biogeography and yet marked by strong individuality.
doi: 10.1038/nature13786
The cloud that appeared above the south pole of Saturn’s satellite Titan in early 2012 is found to be composed of micrometre-sized particles of frozen hydrogen cyanide, indicating a dramatic cooling of Titan’s atmosphere to temperatures about 100 degrees less than predicted by atmospheric circulation models.
doi: 10.1038/nature13789
Gravity data show a rectangular pattern of narrow linear anomalies bordering the lunar Procellarum region that are interpreted to be the frozen remnants of lava-filled rifts and underlying feeder dykes.
doi: 10.1038/nature13697
The manipulation of spins in a solid-state system — nitrogen–vacancy defects in diamond — allows the experimental realization of a universal set of geometric quantum gates using holonomies, that is, non-Abelian generalizations of the Berry phase, and offers a scalable platform with the potential for room-temperature quantum computing.
doi: 10.1038/nature13729
By passing light through a chiral sample — here vapours and solutions — in a specially designed ring cavity, the resulting chiral signals can be isolated from the achiral backgrounds and enhanced by a factor of more than 1,000, making them detectable in situations where conventional means of measurement fail.
doi: 10.1038/nature13680
Simultaneous observations of moulins and boreholes in western Greenland show that water delivery to the base of the ice sheet via moulins affects short-term ice velocity fluctuations, but not late-season ice velocity decelerations.
doi: 10.1038/nature13796
Seafloor Global Positioning System observations immediately after the great 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake provide unambiguous evidence for the dominant role of viscoelastic relaxation in short-term postseismic deformation, rather than just afterslip on the fault as is commonly assumed.
doi: 10.1038/nature13778
Adaptation of wheat to environments where growth is limited by boron toxicity has resulted from multiple genomic changes and selection for functionally diverse alleles.
doi: 10.1038/nature13538
Here 106 genomic loci associated with age at menarche, a marker of puberty timing in females, are identified; these loci show enrichment for genes involved in nuclear hormone receptor function, body mass index, and rare disorders of puberty, and for genes located in imprinted regions, with parent-of-origin specific effects at several loci.
doi: 10.1038/nature13545
Haematopoietic stem cells are direct targets for neurotrophic factors, indicating that haematopoietic stem cells and neurons are regulated by similar signals.
doi: 10.1038/nature13498
Here, a long noncoding RNA, termed Mhrt, is identified in the loci of myosin heavy chain (Myh) genes in mice and shown to be capable of suppressing cardiomyopathy in the animals, as well as being repressed in diseased human hearts.
doi: 10.1038/nature13596
Histone methyl-transferase MLL4 is required for stem-cell activity and an aggressive form of acute myeloid leukaemia harbouring the MLL–AF9 oncogene.
doi: 10.1038/nature13483
The tumour microenvironment can influence its response to anticancer therapies; here, the enzyme FAK in endothelial cells is shown to have a role in the induction of a number of cytokines during chemotherapy or irradiation, which in turn protect tumours from DNA-damaging agents.
doi: 10.1038/nature13541
Transcription and translation are generally thought of as disconnected processes in eukaryotes; however, under starvation conditions in yeast, the promoter sequence influences not only messenger RNA levels but also several processes downstream of transcription, including the localization of mRNA within the cytoplasm and the translation rate of mRNA.
doi: 10.1038/nature13578
The MRX complex, required for double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination, has 3′ to 5′ exonuclease activity, but homologous recombination at a DSB uses a 3′-tailed molecule, which requires resection of the 5′ strand; here it is shown that in yeast, Sae2 nuclease promotes MRX to make an initial endonucleolytic cut on the 5′ strand that may allow MRX to digest the 5′ strand back to the end in a 3′ to 5′ fashion.
doi: 10.1038/nature13771
