An investigation into the funding sources of climate scientists who have testified to the US Congress makes demands that have the potential to infringe on academic freedom.
doi: 10.1038/519005a
The Ebola epidemic has had a dire effect on the health prospects of pregnant women.
doi: 10.1038/519005b
A blue dress divided the Internet — and put the science of visual perception in the spotlight.
doi: 10.1038/519006a
Health-care workers struggle to help people who have been traumatized by the epidemic.
doi: 10.1038/519013a
Nimble bots to go head-to-head for $2-million DARPA prize.
doi: 10.1038/519014a
IPCC prepares for new leadership and plans another assessment of climate science.
doi: 10.1038/519015a
Indonesia's population most at risk from eruptions.
doi: 10.1038/519016a
Pharmaceutical company rescues landmark prostate-cancer treatment, Provenge.
doi: 10.1038/519017a
In drought-ridden US, water managers consider using a coating one molecule thick to reduce evaporation from reservoirs.
doi: 10.1038/519018a
女性研究者自体が少数派である途上国の科学界で、世界的に見ても女性の少ない物理科学分野で活躍している3人の研究者を紹介する。
doi: 10.1038/519020a
エボラ出血熱の大流行がもたらした最も深刻な被害の1つは、母体の健康への悪影響かもしれない。
doi: 10.1038/519024a
HIVウイルスのエンベロープに結合する人工タンパク質が、サルやヒトでエイズを引き起こすウイルスへの感染からサルを守ることが分かった。遺伝子治療のこのような手法は、作製が困難なHIVワクチンの代わりとなるかもしれない。
doi: 10.1038/nature14205
グラフェンからなるナノ構造体をその下にある基板の固さを調節して一方向に動かすことができる仕組みが、コンピューターシミュレーションにより明らかにされた。
doi: 10.1038/519037a
マリファナが、「munchies」と言われる、我慢しにくい空腹感を引き起こす仕組みはどのようなものなのだろうか。逆説的な答えだが、これには、食欲を抑制することでよく知られている脳回路の異例な形の活性化が関わっているらしい。
doi: 10.1038/nature14206
メッセンジャーRNAに含まれ、タンパク質合成を開始させるシグナル配列は生物のドメイン間で互換性があるとは考えられていなかった。節足動物に感染するウイルスから送られるシグナルが細菌で機能することが分かり、こうした考え方に疑問が投げ掛けられた。
doi: 10.1038/nature14202
膜にあって液体で満たされている小孔を可逆的に開閉できるように設計しておくと、決まった圧力をかければ特定の液体だけが通過できるようになる。これを使うと、混ざり合わない液体の混合物を、ゲート開閉によって調節しながら分離できるようになる。
doi: 10.1038/519041a
光活性化触媒ともう1種類の触媒の2つを組み合わせて使うことで、新しい化学反応が容易に行えるようになり、複雑な構造を持つ有機分子の合成に新しい道が開けた。
doi: 10.1038/519042a
Cannabinoid-induced feeding signals are shown to enhance pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neuronal activity in mice, causing an enhancement of β-endorphin release, which is crucial in causing this cannabinoid-induced response; these results uncover an overlooked role of hypothalamic POMC neurons in the promotion of feeding by cannabinoids.
doi: 10.1038/nature14260
During movement preparation, motor cortical neuronal subpopulations that project to downstream motor areas are more selective for the direction of upcoming movement than those that project to other cortical targets, especially immediately before movement, emphasizing the need to interpret complex neuronal responses measured during behaviour in the context of hierarchically organized cortical circuits.
doi: 10.1038/nature14178
This study demonstrates the activation of a STAT3-independent healing pathway in response to mucosal injury which involves the co-receptor for IL-6 cytokines gp130 and downstream effectors Src, Yes, YAP and Notch.
doi: 10.1038/nature14228
The probable evolution of the planetary nebula Henize 2-428 is examined, from a close binary system in which both stars ejected their envelopes to the white dwarf stage with a short orbital period and combined mass above the Chandrasekhar limit, suggesting that the system should merge in about 700 million years and trigger a type Ia supernova.
doi: 10.1038/nature14124
A quantum error correction scheme is demonstrated in a system of superconducting qubits, and repeated quantum non-demolition measurements are used to track errors and reduce the failure rate; increasing the system size from five to nine qubits improves the failure rate further.
doi: 10.1038/nature14270
A rapid, reversible, non-fouling gating mechanism is created by infusing a porous membrane with a capillary-stabilized liquid that reconfigures under pressure to form a liquid-lined pathway, enabling selective multiphase transport with rationally tunable differential response profiles for a variety of liquids and gases.
doi: 10.1038/nature14253
Photoredox and organic catalysis are combined to achieve broadly effective direct arylation of allylic carbon–hydrogen bonds under mild conditions; this carbon–carbon bond forming reaction readily accommodates a wide range of alkene and electron-deficient arene coupling partners.
doi: 10.1038/nature14255
Severe drought in a tropical forest ecosystem suppresses photosynthetic carbon uptake and plant maintenance respiration, but growth is maintained, suggesting that, overall, less carbon is available for tree tissue maintenance and defence, which may cause the subsequent observed increase in tree mortality.
doi: 10.1038/nature14213
Virtually reconstructing the jaw of OH 7 reveals a remarkably primitive shape, suggesting that the Homo habilis lineage originated before 2.3 million years ago; marking deep-rooted species diversity in the genus Homo.
doi: 10.1038/nature14224
The new entry inhibitor eCD4-Ig, consisting of the immunoadhesin form of CD4 (CD4-Ig) fused to a small CCR5-mimetic sulfopeptide, avidly binds two highly conserved sites of the HIV-1 Env protein; the inhibitor has high potency and breadth and can neutralize 100% of a diverse panel of neutralization-resistant HIV-1 viruses, and when delivered to macaques using an adeno-associated virus vector, it can provide effective long-term protection from multiple challenges with simian/human immunodeficiency virus.
doi: 10.1038/nature14264
Emulsifying agents, which are common food additives in the human diet, induce low-grade inflammation and obesity/metabolic syndrome in mice, suggesting that further investigation into the potential impact of dietary emulsifiers on the gut microbiota and human heath are warranted.
doi: 10.1038/nature14232
In Caenorhabditis elegant, reduced insulin/IGF-1 signalling can promote longevity through a program that is genetically distinct from the dauer developmental pathway, and requires SKN-1-dependent collagen remodelling that is a broadly essential feature of longevity assurance pathways.
doi: 10.1038/nature14021
A large ex vivo screen of approved and investigational anti-cancer drugs in primary cells derived from CML and ALL patients identifies axitinib, a VEGFR inhibitor approved for the treatment of kidney cancer, as a potent inhibitor of BCR–ABL1(T315I) with unique binding interactions that overcome the gatekeeper resistance mutation, highlighting the potential of repurposing existing drugs for additional cancer types.
doi: 10.1038/nature14119
The structural polymorphism of intrinsically disordered protein 4E-BP2 allows it to regulate translation initiation through post-translational modification-mediated folding, exemplifying a new and potentially general mechanism of biological regulation mediated by intrinsically disordered proteins.
doi: 10.1038/nature13999
A eukaryotic viral internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element is described that binds both bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes and initiates translation in both, demonstrating that RNA structure-based initiation can occur in both these domains of life, although in bacteria the element uses a mechanism that differs from that in eukaryotes.
doi: 10.1038/nature14219
Electron cryomicroscopy reveals the three-dimensional structure of F-actin at a resolution of 3.7 Å in complex with tropomyosin at a resolution of 6.5 Å; the stabilizing interactions and the effects of disease-causing mutants are also investigated.
doi: 10.1038/nature14033
