米国とヨーロッパとの貿易協定（環大西洋貿易投資パートナーシップ；TTIP）の影響を明確にする上で、科学者には重要な役割がある。
Trading places p.393
Scientists have a valuable part to play in clarifying the impacts of a proposed trade treaty between the United States and Europe.
doi: 10.1038/521393a
Scientists have a valuable part to play in clarifying the impacts of a proposed trade treaty between the United States and Europe.
doi: 10.1038/521393a
Sleeping-beauty papers offer hope that authors of uncited works are in good company.
doi: 10.1038/521394a
A package of articles in Nature assesses the state of artificial-intelligence research.
doi: 10.1038/521394b
Proposed deals have potential to boost research, but also to weaken health and environmental protections.
doi: 10.1038/521401a
From predatory microbes to toxic metals, nature is inspiring new ways to treat infections.
doi: 10.1038/521402a
Independent assessments of national climate plans find little common ground between wealthy and developing countries.
doi: 10.1038/521404a
Public-health officials make plans for how to speed up responses to tropical-disease outbreaks.
doi: 10.1038/521405a
Papers authored by Paolo Macchiarini misrepresented success of pioneering procedure.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.17605
光ファイバー技術の進展によって、長い間SFの世界のものだったレーザー兵器が、実際の戦場で使われる日が近づいてきた。
doi: 10.1038/521408a
スイス・ヌーシャテル大学のRedouan Bsharyは、霊長類に特異的とされてきた、協力、騙し、罰といった高度な社会的行動が魚類にも存在することを、観察と実験を通して明らかにしてきた。
doi: 10.1038/521412a
ロボットが予期せぬ変化に適応できるようにするための、進化アルゴリズムが開発された。ロボットは、過去に達成した行動の記憶を探索することで迅速かつ本能的に行動を学習する。
doi: 10.1038/521426a
ゴルジ体と呼ばれる細胞小器官からのタンパク質輸送は、どちらの方向へも可能である。細胞に極性を与える分子であるCDC42は、ゴルジ体での輸送の方向性を制御していることが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature14521
北大西洋での海水循環の強度の指標が、海水準の測定から得られている。これによって大西洋が気候の数十年変動に主な役割を担ってきたことの新しい証拠が得られる。
doi: 10.1038/521428a
多数のがん患者が、がん性悪液質と呼ばれる消耗性疾患で死亡する。ショウジョウバエを使った2つの研究により、インスリンシグナル伝達の阻害が悪液質に似た器官消耗を引き起こすことが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/521430a
抗生物質の産生とその分解の間の相互作用のモデル化によって、これらの相反する働きが微生物群集の多様性を維持するのに極めて重要であることが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature14525
エチオピアで見つかった350万～330万年前のものと見られる新しいヒト族化石は、ヒトの進化の初期における種の多様性が、それ以降の年代と同程度であった可能性を示唆している。
doi: 10.1038/521432a
A new hominin species, Australopithecus deyiremeda, which lived between 3.5 and 3.3 million years ago, at around the same time as species such as Au. afarensis (‘Lucy’), is discovered in Ethiopia; its morphology suggests that some dental features traditionally associated with later genera such as Paranthropus and Homo emerged earlier than previously thought.
doi: 10.1038/nature14448
Whole-genome sequencing of tumour and germline DNA samples from 92 patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer identifies frequent gene breakages that inactivate the tumour suppressors RB1, NF1, RAD51B and PTEN, and contribute to chemotherapy resistance; acquired resistance was associated with diverse mechanisms such as reversions of germline BRCA1/2 mutations and overexpression of the drug efflux pump MDR1.
doi: 10.1038/nature14410
Observations of a collision between two knots in the jet of nearby radio galaxy 3C 264 support the internal shock model of how the jet plasma is energized.
doi: 10.1038/nature14481
Intense light interacting with a thin film of silicon dioxide is used to generate broadband extreme ultraviolet radiation; the spectra reveal detailed information on the energy dispersion of the conduction band of silicon dioxide, which is at present inaccessible by conventional photoemission spectroscopy.
doi: 10.1038/nature14456
An intelligent trial-and-error learning algorithm is presented that allows robots to adapt in minutes to compensate for a wide variety of types of damage.
doi: 10.1038/nature14422
The circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean, interpreted via the sea level gradient along the US coast, is found to respond to atmospheric drivers from the North Atlantic Oscillation, and in turn influences the oceanic temperature changes characterized by Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation; in this way, ocean circulation acts as the intermediary between atmospheric and ocean oscillations.
doi: 10.1038/nature14491
Exploring the relationship between population coupling and neuronal activity reveals that neighbouring neurons can differ in their coupling to the overall firing rate of the population, the circuitry of which may potentially help to explain the complex activity patterns in cortical populations.
doi: 10.1038/nature14273
Mathematical modelling and simulations reveal that including antibiotic degraders in ecological models of microbial species interaction allows the system to robustly move towards an intermixed stable state, more representative of real-world observations.
doi: 10.1038/nature14485
A forward genetic screen in fetal mice to identify genes involved in congenital heart disease (CHD) reveals that a large proportion of genes associated with CHD are related to cilia and cilia-transduced cell signalling, with potential implications for the human disease.
doi: 10.1038/nature14269
Mitophagy, a selective type of autophagy targeting mitochondria for degradation, interfaces with mitochondrial biogenesis to regulate mitochondrial content and longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans.
doi: 10.1038/nature14300
The COPI complex, which has a role in retrograde transport through the Golgi, is shown to also mediate anterograde tubular transport through the Golgi; in response to external stimuli, the small GTPase CDC42 acts as an essential modulator of bidirectional Golgi transport, and promotes the sorting of cargoes destined for anterograde transport into the tubules at the expense of those targeted for retrograde transport.
doi: 10.1038/nature14457
The assembly of single Drosophila RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs) is reconstituted using seven purified proteins, revealing that chaperones help stabilize the interaction of the protein heterodimer Dicer-2–R2D2 bound to the short interfering RNA with Ago2.
doi: 10.1038/nature14254
MAD2L2 regulates DNA repair at deprotected telomeres and at ionizing-radiation-induced double-stranded DNA breaks by inhibiting resection of the 5′ ends; the ends are thus shunted into the non-homologous end-joining pathway.
doi: 10.1038/nature14216
Loss of REV7 is shown to regulate end resection of double-stranded DNA breaks in BRCA1-deficient cells, leading to PARP inhibitor resistance and restoration of homologous recombination; REV7 dictates pathway choice in BRCA1-deficient cells and during immunoglobulin class switching.
doi: 10.1038/nature14328
Cryo-electron microscopy determination of anthrax toxin protective antigen pore structure at a resolution of 2.9 Å, revealing the catalytic Φ-clamp and the membrane-spanning translocation channel.
doi: 10.1038/nature14247
