英国の大学は、研究不正行為にどう対処しているかを速やかに報告し、助成機関は効果的な対策を支援すべきだ。
Publish or perish p.259
Universities should release reports to show what they are doing to tackle misconduct — and funders should help them to do so effectively.
doi: 10.1038/521259a
Universities should release reports to show what they are doing to tackle misconduct — and funders should help them to do so effectively.
doi: 10.1038/521259a
Making lawsuits more risky for patent trolls is just one way to stop abuse of the system.
doi: 10.1038/521259b
Brain researchers and social scientists are well placed to find out what makes humans murder.
doi: 10.1038/521260a
Advance holds potential for better opiate painkillers — but raises concerns about illicit use.
doi: 10.1038/251267a
Huge experiment across six nations shows lasting benefits from short-term support.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.17560
Revised legislation would spare universities from being penalized in the same way as unscrupulous companies.
doi: 10.1038/521270a
Few institutions have followed research integrity guidelines to the letter.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.17559
Proposed US electron–ion smasher wins endorsement from influential nuclear-science panel.
doi: 10.1038/521272a
Ministry of Justice threatens to label Dynasty Foundation a ‘foreign agent’.
doi: 10.1038/521273a
抗体は生物学研究に大きく貢献する有用な物質だが、再現できない誤った発見を多く生み出す困りものでもある。
doi: 10.1038/521274a
量子の世界の奇妙さの根源を探る実験が盛んに行われている。
doi: 10.1038/521278a
330万年前の、剥片や石刃を削り出した後の石核や槌、台石がケニアで見つかった。これは、最初の石器は、既知の最古のヒト属人類に先立って存在したヒト祖先によって作られたことを示唆している。
doi: 10.1038/521294a
トラップされたカルシウムイオンについての実験で、量子現象の奇妙な性質がまたもや明らかになった。これは、量子世界と古典的世界の間の境界を調べる感度の高い技術への道を開くかもしれない。
doi: 10.1038/521295a
ミトコンドリアと呼ばれる細胞小器官は、その年齢に応じて、幹細胞が分裂して生じる細胞に非対称に配分される。この知見は幹細胞の非対称的分裂の基盤となる機序の解明を助けるものとなりそうだ。
doi: 10.1038/521296a
磁化した際に予想外の変形を起こす合金群が見つかった。この珍しい挙動は、磁気ヒステリシスと呼ばれる現象が持つ謎の解明を助けるかもしれない。
doi: 10.1038/521298a
多能性細胞は体内のあらゆる種類の細胞を作り出すことができる。このような多能性状態はWntシグナル伝達の阻害などの合図によって付与され、多様な細胞の生成に関する平衡状態を維持していることが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/521299a
遺伝子から特に長いイントロン(非コード配列)を切除するために行われる、RNAの複雑な段階的スプライシングの機構は進化的に保存されていて、従来考えられていたよりもずっと広範囲にわたって存在することが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature14524
Although classical crystallography is insufficient to determine disordered structure in crystals, correlated disorder does nevertheless contain clear crystallographic signatures that map to the type of disorder, which we are learning to decipher.
doi: 10.1038/nature14453
Tool making has been considered to be an attribute of the genus Homo; this paper reports 3.3-million-year-old stone tools and the early timing of these tools provides evidence that the making and use of stone tools by hominins occurred before the evolution of our own genus.
doi: 10.1038/nature14464
A previously unknown type of stem cell that can engraft in specific regions of the mouse epiblast is described; these region-selective pluripotent stem cells display notable intra- and inter-specific chimaera competency and will help to further our understanding of mammalian development.
doi: 10.1038/nature14413
Here the X-ray crystal structures of the Drosophila dopamine transporter bound to dopamine, D-amphetamine, methamphetamine and cocaine are solved; these structures show how a neurotransmitter, small molecule stimulants and cocaine bind to a biogenic amine transporter, and are examples of how the ligand binding site of a neurotransmitter transporter can remodel itself to accommodate structurally unrelated small molecules that are different in shape, size and polarity or charge.
doi: 10.1038/nature14431
Observations of declining ultraviolet emission from a type Ia supernova within four days of the explosion are as expected if material ejected by the supernova collided with a companion star, supporting the single degenerate channel model of supernova progenitors.
doi: 10.1038/nature14440
The explosion of a type Ia supernova could be triggered either by accretion from a companion—which should be indicated by brightening caused by interaction of supernova ejecta with the companion—or by a merger with a white dwarf or other small star; here observations by the Kepler mission of three type Ia supernovae reveal no such brightening, leading to the conclusion that they were triggered by a merger.
doi: 10.1038/nature14455
A single atom is used to create squeezed ‘Schrödinger’s cat’ states, which could be useful for quantum computation and interferometry.
doi: 10.1038/nature14458
Typical ferromagnets elongate and contract anisotropically when placed in a magnetic field but conserve the overall volume, an effect known as Joule magnetostriction; here, a new effect is observed in Fe–Ga alloys—large non-volume-conserving or non-Joulian magnetostriction—which has not previously been observed in any magnet.
doi: 10.1038/nature14459
Quantifying activity of cis-regulatory sequences controlling gene expression shows that selection on expression noise has a greater impact on sequence variation than selection on mean expression level.
doi: 10.1038/nature14244
During an auditory discrimination task in rats, synaptic inputs representing either high or low sound frequencies from the cortex to the striatum are specifically strengthened, depending on reward contingencies.
doi: 10.1038/nature14225
Identification of transient early induced pluripotency reprogramming intermediates allows for mechanistic insight into the reprogramming process.
doi: 10.1038/nature14274
This study shows that, despite malignant transformation, autoimmune checkpoints are still functional in B-cell leukaemia, with targeted activation of these checkpoints effectively killing patient-derived B-cell leukaemia in a transplant model; the results represent a novel strategy to overcome drug resistance in leukaemia patients.
doi: 10.1038/nature14231
Ebola-virus-targeting short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles are adapted to the current outbreak strain of the virus, and the siRNA cocktail is shown to protect nonhuman primates fully when administered 3 days after challenge with the current West African Ebola virus isolate; upon viral sequence data availability, the drug can be adapted to the new virus and produced in as little as 8 weeks.
doi: 10.1038/nature14442
An analysis of mouse skin reveals that super-enhancers are critical to identity, lineage commitment and plasticity of adult stem cells; dynamic super-enhancer remodelling in new niches is dependent on the levels of pioneer transcription factor SOX9, which is identified as a key regulator of super-enhancer chromatin for hair follicle stem cells.
doi: 10.1038/nature14289
Highly conserved recursive splice sites are identified in vertebrates, particularly within long genes encoding proteins that are involved in neuronal development; analysis of the splicing mechanism reveals that such recursive splicing sites can be used to dictate different mRNA isoforms.
doi: 10.1038/nature14466
In flies, some introns contain internal splice sites that cause ‘recursive splicing’, a multi-step removal of a single intron; this study demonstrates that the scope of this regulatory mechanism is much more extensive in flies than had been appreciated, and provides details about the recursive splicing process.
doi: 10.1038/nature14475