外国のNGOへの取り締まりを強化しようという中国の方針は、科学協力の妨げになる。
Undue burdens p.127
Proposed controls on foreign operations in China are a threat to scientific collaboration.
doi: 10.1038/522127b
Proposed controls on foreign operations in China are a threat to scientific collaboration.
doi: 10.1038/522127b
A report from South Africa on the science of human sexuality and its implications for policy-making brings African countries a step closer to confronting laws that criminalize homosexuality.
doi: 10.1038/522127a
Concrete goals set out by the G7 nations lay the groundwork for a climate accord.
doi: 10.1038/522128a
Scientific report demolishes assertions used to back criminalization of homosexuality.
doi: 10.1038/522135a
Electronic mesh has potential to unravel workings of mammalian brain.
doi: 10.1038/522137a
Competition for lab space threatens Kendall Square’s innovative spark.
doi: 10.1038/522138a
How Middle East respiratory syndrome jumps from animals to humans remains a puzzle.
doi: 10.1038/522139a
Population-scale studies suggest that migrants spread steppe language and technology.
doi: 10.1038/522140a
米国防総省は生物学研究を強力に後押ししているが、科学者による相互評価のない高リスクなやり方に疑問も出ている。
doi: 10.1038/522142a
栄養的・環境的に優れたアフリカ原産の野菜類に関心が高まっており、この研究を進めるジョモ・ケニヤッタ農工大学（ケニア）のMary Abukutsa-Onyangoを、ケニア原産野菜の母と呼ぶ人もいる。
doi: 10.1038/522146a
赤血球の細胞表面で発現されるCD55タンパク質が熱帯熱マラリア原虫（Plasmodium falciparum）が細胞に感染するのに不可欠の受容体であることが、RNA干渉スクリーニングによって突き止められた。
doi: 10.1038/522158a
細胞分裂が終わると、核の周囲の膜が融合して細胞に含まれる染色体を包み込む。この過程がESCRT-IIIタンパク質複合体によって調節されていることが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature14527
光を回折せずにナノスケールで伝搬させることができるなど、ハイパボリックメタマテリアルが持つ珍しい性質が、二次元デバイスで実現された。これは、改良型フォトニック回路の先触れとなるものだ。
doi: 10.1038/522160a
大規模な染色体再編成である染色体粉砕（クロモスリプシス）は複数種のがんで見られる。単一細胞の画像化と塩基配列解読により、微小核と呼ばれる異常な細胞構造の内部でこの現象が起き得ることが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature14528
北大西洋と地中海のさまざまな気候記録を連携させることは、最終間氷期の間に起こった海水準上昇をより大きくしたと考えられる機構を突き止めるのに役立った。
doi: 10.1038/522163a
古代のヒトDNAについての2つの研究によって、青銅器時代のヒト集団は広い範囲に展開していたことが分かった。これはインド・ヨーロッパ語族の起源と広がりに関する、長く続いてきた論争を解決する手掛かりを与えるものになりそうだ。
doi: 10.1038/522164a
An analysis of 101 ancient human genomes from the Bronze Age (3000–1000 ʙᴄ) reveals large-scale population migrations in Eurasia consistent with the spread of Indo-European languages; individuals frequently had light skin pigmentation but were not lactose tolerant.
doi: 10.1038/nature14507
Novel technology to rapidly clone patient-specific, ‘ground state’ stem cells of columnar epithelia reveals their proliferative potential, remarkably precise and origin-dependent lineage commitment as well as genomic stability, despite extensive culturing, thereby skirting limitations associated with pluripotent stem cells.
doi: 10.1038/nature14484
The mechanism for chromothripsis, “shattered” chromosomes that can be observed in cancer cells, is unknown; here, using live-cell imaging and single-cell sequencing, chromothripsis is shown to occur after a chromosome is isolated into a micronucleus, an abnormal nuclear structure.
doi: 10.1038/nature14493
Infrared imaging reveals all of Saturn’s faint, outermost ring, showing that it is composed principally of small dust particles and suggesting that particle temperatures are increased because of the radiative inefficiency of the smallest grains.
doi: 10.1038/nature14476
A model of the heating of the quiet Sun, in which magnetic fields are generated by a subphotospheric fluid dynamo intrinsically connected to granulation, shows fields expanding into the chromosphere, where plasma is heated at the rate required to match observations by small-scale eruptions that release magnetic energy and drive sonic motions, while the corona is heated by the dissipation of Alfvén waves.
doi: 10.1038/nature14478
Visible-frequency hyperbolic metasurfaces defined on single-crystal silver exhibit negative refraction and diffraction-free propagation, as well as strong, dispersion-dependent spin–orbit coupling for propagating surface plasmon polaritons, with device performance greatly exceeding those of previous bulk metamaterial demonstrations.
doi: 10.1038/nature14477
A synthesis of new and existing data allows Heinrich Stadial 11 (HS11), a prominent Northern Hemisphere cold event, to be linked to the timing of peak sea-level rise during glacial termination T-II, whereas rapid sea-level rise in T-I is shown to clearly post-date Heinrich Stadial 1, so fundamentally different mechanisms seem to be at work during glacial terminations.
doi: 10.1038/nature14499
Electrical anisotropy measurements at high temperatures and quasi-hydrostatic pressures on previously deformed olivine plus melt samples show that electrical conductivity is much higher in the direction of deformation; this is confirmed with a layered electrical model of the asthenosphere and lithosphere that reproduces existing field data.
doi: 10.1038/nature14502
A genome-wide analysis of 69 ancient Europeans reveals the history of population migrations around the time that Indo-European languages arose in Europe, when there was a large migration into Europe from the Eurasian steppe in the east (providing a genetic ancestry still present in Europeans today); these findings support a ‘steppe origin’ hypothesis for how some Indo-European languages arose.
doi: 10.1038/nature14317
The attachment of a simple, unpowered, mechanical exoskeleton to the foot and ankle results in a net saving of 7% of the metabolic energy expended in human walking.
doi: 10.1038/nature14288
Two drugs, miconazole and clobetasol, have functions that modulate differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells directly, enhance remyelination, and significantly reduce disease severity in mouse models of multiple sclerosis.
doi: 10.1038/nature14335
The human endogenous retrovirus HERVK is normally silenced, but here the surprising discovery is made that in early human embryo development it is expressed, producing retroviral-like particles.
doi: 10.1038/nature14308
Using a genetic approach in zebrafish, the mesothelial covering of the heart—the epicardium—is shown to have a high regenerative ability after injury, a process that is driven by Hedgehog signalling originating from the outflow tract.
doi: 10.1038/nature14325
ESCRT-III, a protein complex best known for membrane constriction and sealing during various cellular processes, mediates reassembly of the nuclear envelope during late anaphase.
doi: 10.1038/nature14408
The ESCRT-III complex is implicated in the reformation of the nuclear envelope; the CHMP2A component of ESCRT-III is directed to the forming nuclear envelope through classical ESCRT-assembly mechanisms, with the help of the p97 complex component UFD1, and provides an activity essential for nuclear envelope reformation.
doi: 10.1038/nature14503
Transposable elements in mammalian genomes need to be silenced to avoid detrimental genome instability; here, the histone variant H3.3 is shown to have an important role in silencing endogenous retroviral elements.
doi: 10.1038/nature14345
