ドイツの旧態依然たる医学教育システムは、早急に改革が必要だ。
Ills of the system p.7
Reform is long overdue for Germany’s archaic medical-education system, which puts undue pressure on students and contaminates the scientific literature.
doi: 10.1038/527007a
Reform is long overdue for Germany’s archaic medical-education system, which puts undue pressure on students and contaminates the scientific literature.
doi: 10.1038/527007a
Researchers should add their voices to the effort to stop attacks on health workers in war zones.
doi: 10.1038/527007b
A tribute to the nineteenth-century polymath whose algebra lets you search the Internet.
doi: 10.1038/527008a
US military research suggests that electrodes can compensate for damaged tissue.
doi: 10.1038/527015a
There were other options, but super close-up shots on descent will provide science bonanza.
doi: 10.1038/527016a
Fuelled by El Niño and land-management blunders, fires consume precious habitat.
doi: 10.1038/527018a
Tech funders warm to start-ups that use microbes in manufacturing.
doi: 10.1038/527019a
Chemists succeed at forecasting how complex molecules will assemble in 3D.
doi: 10.1038/527020a
National science academies decry religious intolerance and government's perceived embrace of superstition.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.18682
ロンドン大学のBabylabでは、さまざまな技術を駆使して、新生児の脳とその発達の様子を解明しようとする試みが行われている。
doi: 10.1038/527022a
米国南西部のメサ・ヴェルデ遺跡には、かつて3万人近くの人々が住んでいたが、彼らが700年前にその地を捨てた理由は何だろうか。
doi: 10.1038/527026a
オーストラリアは包括的政策変更によって、経済的成長へつながる原材料多量消費型の進路を維持しながら、環境汚染を制限できる可能性があることが、マルチモデル研究によって示唆された。だが、これ以外の道もまた検討する価値がある。
doi: 10.1038/527040a
水滴が物体表面で弾み始めるのは、どういう原因によるのだろうか。蒸発と撥水性の高い表面が組み合わさると、周囲の気圧が下がった際に水滴が弾み始めるらしい。
doi: 10.1038/527041a
最先端の手法による実験で、ホルモンの1つで、脂肪細胞から分泌されるレプチンは、シグナル伝達分子であるカテコールアミンの脂肪細胞の周りを覆っている神経からの放出を活性化し、それによって脂肪減少を促進することが示された。
doi: 10.1038/527043a
細菌細胞の間での電気的シグナル伝達に、カリウムイオンチャネルが関わっていることが明らかにされた。このことは、微生物の生理学的性質と相互のコミュニケーションにおけるイオンチャネルの役割を明らかにするのに役立ちそうだ。
doi: 10.1038/nature15641
低温のイオンを使った高感度の実験によって、振動の基本的量子単位であるフォノンのレベルでの音の性質が調べられ、フォノンの混合から、光子などのボソンに分類できる粒子であることが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/527045a
転写因子の細胞内の局在場所の組み合わせの変化が、それらの因子の標的である遺伝子の環境刺激に応じた発現を調整している可能性が、単一細胞解析によって明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature15634
A multi-model framework that accounts for climate, water, energy, food, biodiversity and economic activity in Australia reveals that a sustainable society that enjoys economic improvement without ecological deterioration is possible, but that specific political and economic choices need to be made to achieve this.
doi: 10.1038/nature16065
Many gene-regulatory proteins have been shown to activate in pulses, but whether cells exploit the dynamic interaction between pulses of different regulatory proteins has remained unexplored; here single-cell videos show that yeast cells modulate the relative timing between the pulsatile transcription factors Msn2 and Mig1—a gene activator and a repressor, respectively—to control the expression of target genes in response to diverse environmental conditions.
doi: 10.1038/nature15710
Ion channels in bacterial biofilms are shown to conduct long-range electrical signals within the biofilm community through the propagation of potassium ions; as predicted by a simple mathematical model, potassium channel gating is shown to coordinate metabolic states between distant cells via electrical communication.
doi: 10.1038/nature15709
Piezo1, a mechanosensitive cation channel, senses shear stress of blood flow for proper blood vessel development, regulates red blood cell function and controls cell migration and differentiation; here a trimeric architecture of this novel class of ion channel is reported, suggesting that Piezo1 may use its peripheral propeller-like ‘blades’ as force sensors to gate the central ion-conducting pore.
doi: 10.1038/nature15247
A study of 12CO outflow emission from the protostellar source CARMA-7 in the cluster Serpens South suggests that episodic ejections of mass by the protostar begin in the earliest phase of protostellar evolution, probably providing a mechanism for driving the turbulence that is necessary for star formation in clusters.
doi: 10.1038/nature15702
The Hong–Ou–Mandel effect is a quantum phenomenon that involves the interference of bosonic particles and demonstrates their indistinguishability; this effect has been demonstrated previously for photons and neutral atoms, and is now demonstrated for phonons, using a system of trapped ions that are promising building blocks for quantum computers.
doi: 10.1038/nature15735
An affordable, safe, and scalable battery system is presented, which uses organic polymers as the charge-storage material in combination with inexpensive dialysis membranes and an aqueous sodium chloride solution as the electrolyte.
doi: 10.1038/nature15746
Spontaneous levitation and trampoline-like bouncing behaviour of water droplets on rigid superhydrophobic surfaces in a low-pressure environment are observed, and are due to a build-up of overpressure in the surface texture beneath the droplets.
doi: 10.1038/nature15738
Chemical methods for adding carbon-based or nitrogen-based functional groups to alkenes are well established, but strategies for adding both to the same double bond have limitations; here, a method for the carboamination of alkenes at the same double bond is described.
doi: 10.1038/nature15691
An analysis of 344 species of tetrapods (birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians) shows that taxa in which the female is heterogametic tend to have a more male-biased sex ratio; the mechanisms driving the association are unclear, but sex-determination systems are likely to have important consequences for the social behaviour and demography of tetrapods.
doi: 10.1038/nature15380
A neuronal model of bipolar disorder based on induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology finds hyperactive action-potential firing and differential responsiveness to lithium in iPSC-derived neurons from patients with bipolar disorder.
doi: 10.1038/nature15526
Expression of the tumour suppressor PTEN in disseminated primary tumour cells is lost after tumour cells metastasize to the brain, with downregulation instigated by microRNAs from astrocytes, which are transferred from cell to cell by exosomes; these findings reveal the dynamic nature of metastatic cancer cells when adapting to a new tissue environment.
doi: 10.1038/nature15376
In response to cancer-associated stress, autophagy machinery mediates degradation of nuclear lamina components in mammals, suggesting that cells might degrade nuclear components to prevent tumorigenesis.
doi: 10.1038/nature15548
A fluorescence-based approach defines new features of Cas9 that control the specificity of RNA-guided DNA cleavage in CRISPR genome editing technology.
doi: 10.1038/nature15544
The X-ray crystal structure of influenza C virus polymerase, captured in a closed, pre-activation confirmation, is solved at 3.9 Å resolution; comparison with previous RNA-bound structures reveals large conformational changes associated with RNA binding and activation, and illustrates the notable flexibility of the influenza virus RNA polymerase.
doi: 10.1038/nature15525
In DNA demethylation, human TET proteins are evolutionarily tuned to be less reactive towards 5hmC and facilitate its generation as a potentially stable mark for regulatory functions.
doi: 10.1038/nature15713