A recreation of how early humans managed to eat a diet of meat hundreds of thousands of years before they had fire to cook it with, shows an ingenious use of tools to cut down on chewing time.
doi: 10.1038/531139a
An unexpected data signal that could change everything has particle physicists salivating.
doi: 10.1038/531139b
The risks and rewards of genome editing resonate beyond the clinic.
doi: 10.1038/531140a
Conference aims to raise awareness of shared resources for building lab equipment.
doi: 10.1038/531147a
Decision could determine who profits from the gene-editing technique in future.
doi: 10.1038/531149a
The pressure is on to choose between several proposals for space-based detectors.
doi: 10.1038/531150a
Policy statement aims to halt missteps in the quest for certainty.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19503
Project Baseline will monitor effects of climate change on plant evolution.
doi: 10.1038/531152a
Cases may signal start of anticipated wave of birth defects in country hit hard by Zika virus.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19502
遺伝子編集の時代に生きるとはどういうことかを考察する。
doi: 10.1038/531155a
生物学者たちは、ゲノム編集技術の威力を、ゲノム研究に積極的に活用しようとしている。
doi: 10.1038/531156a
CRISPR技術は、疾患研究から食用としての改良、絶滅動物の復元まで、さまざまな動物を対象に至る所で用いられるようになってきている。
doi: 10.1038/531160a
有性生殖は適応進化を加速させるというずっと以前からある説では、その理由を有性生殖集団では無性生殖集団の場合とは対照的に、有利な変異の頻度が選択的に上がるからだとしている。今回、新たな解析によってこの説が確証された。
doi: 10.1038/nature17304
量子コンピューターはいつの日か、従来型のコンピューターの性能をとんでもなく上回るようになるだろう。巧妙な実験によって、こうした量子技術に一歩近づくためのエキゾチックな半導体の基本的性質が明らかにされた。
doi: 10.1038/531177a
顕花植物では、精子を内包する花粉管が雌性生殖器官から放出される誘引物質に誘導されて胚珠の方向に伸びていく。誘引性分子のAtLURE1に対する受容体が、今回見つかった。
doi: 10.1038/531178a
二酸化炭素は供給源としては豊富に存在するが、工業的に有効に使用することは難しい。簡単な反応が見つかれば、二酸化炭素を使って、現行の過程よりもっと持続可能性の高い方法で市販品を作れそうだ。
doi: 10.1038/531180a
多様な生態系の気候変動への応答速度を評価する定量的モデルの作製が、衛星観測データを使って可能になった。得られた指数は、気候変動に対する地域ごとの感受性と復元性を比較する手段となる。
doi: 10.1038/nature17301
ニューロンからの軸索投射は発生過程で再編成されるが、その際に働くスイッチの1つが、一酸化窒素ガスであることが明らかになった。この気体の濃度が高いと不要な軸索の退縮が促進され、濃度が低くなるとそれに続く再伸長が促進される。
doi: 10.1038/nature17308
In the mammalian navigational system, neurons have been identified in the CA2 region of the hippocampus that keep track of position when an animal is not moving.
doi: 10.1038/nature17144
Defects in the ribosome quality control (RQC) complex, which clears proteins that stalled during translation, can cause neurodegeneration; here it is shown that in RQC-defective cells a peptide tail added by the RQC subunit 2 to stalled polypeptides promotes their aggregation and the sequestration of chaperones in these aggregates, affecting normal protein quality control processes.
doi: 10.1038/nature16973
The X-ray crystal structure of a two-pore channel from Arabidopsis thaliana reveals the structure and the mechanism of voltage gating of this class of ubiquitous cation-selective ion channels.
doi: 10.1038/nature16446
Observations of repeated fast radio bursts, having dispersion measures and sky positions consistent with those of FRB 121102, show that the signals do not originate in a single cataclysmic event and may come from a young, highly magnetized, extragalactic neutron star.
doi: 10.1038/nature17168
The splitting of zero-energy Majorana modes in a tunnel-coupled InAs nanowire with epitaxial aluminium is exponentially suppressed as the wire length is increased, resulting in protection of these modes; this result helps to establish the robust presence of Majorana modes and quantifies exponential protection in nanowire devices.
doi: 10.1038/nature17162
Low-temperature measurements of the Hall effect in cuprate materials in which superconductivity is suppressed by high magnetic fields show that the pseudogap is not related to the charge ordering that has been seen at intermediate doping levels, but is instead linked to the antiferromagnetic Mott insulator at low doping.
doi: 10.1038/nature16983
Molten salts at intermediate temperatures enable efficient carbonate-promoted carboxylation of very weakly acidic C–H bonds, revealing a new way to transform inedible biomass and carbon dioxide into valuable feedstock chemicals.
doi: 10.1038/nature17185
An approach to selectively manipulate the C–H bonds of alicyclic amines at sites remote to nitrogen is demonstrated by the synthesis of new derivatives of several bioactive molecules, including varenicline, a drug used to treat nicotine addiction.
doi: 10.1038/nature16957
The net balance of terrestrial biogenic greenhouse gases produced as a result of human activities and the climatic impact of this balance are uncertain; here the net cumulative impact of the three greenhouse gases, methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide, on the planetary energy budget from 2001 to 2010 is a warming of the planet.
doi: 10.1038/nature16946
Using satellite data and a novel analytical approach, a new index of the sensitivity of vegetation to climate variability is developed, revealing areas of high sensitivity that include tundra, boreal forest, tropical forest and temperate grasslands.
doi: 10.1038/nature16986
In a comparison between replicate sexual and asexual populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sexual reproduction increases fitness by reducing clonal interference and alters the type of mutations that get fixed by natural selection.
doi: 10.1038/nature17143
The salamander, or axolotl, is well known to be able to regenerate missing body parts, but the signals that drive the initial proliferative response were unclear; now, a secreted protein has been identified that induces the initial cell cycle response after injury.
doi: 10.1038/nature16974
A male cell-surface receptor-like kinase that responds to the female chemoattractant LURE1 on the pollen tube of Arabidopsis thaliana is identified; LURE1 triggers dimerization of the receptor components and activation of the kinase activity, and the transformation of a component of the A. thaliana receptor to the Capsella rubella species partially breaks down the reproductive isolation barrier.
doi: 10.1038/nature16975
Pollen-specific receptor-like kinase 6 (PRK6), which signals through the guanine nucleotide-exchange factors ROPGEFs, is required for sensing of the LURE1 attractant peptide in Arabidopsis thaliana, and functions together with other PRK family kinases; when introduced into the pollen tubes of the related species Capsella rubella, PRK6 could confer responsiveness to AtLURE1.
doi: 10.1038/nature17413
MIMIVIRE is a novel nucleic-acid-based immune system against virophage infection in the giant virus mimivirus.
doi: 10.1038/nature17146
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is shown to promote hepatocellular carcinoma through the generation of linoleic acid, disruption of mitochondrial function and selective loss of CD4+ T cells, leading to impaired anti-tumour immunity.
doi: 10.1038/nature16969
The X-ray crystal structure of a two-pore channel from Arabidopsis thaliana is reported, revealing the mechanisms of ion permeation, inhibition channel activation, and location of regulatory sites and voltage-sensing domains.
doi: 10.1038/nature17194
