ドイツは英国の例に倣い、動物実験のもたらす利益を広く社会に説明すべきだ。
Full support p.259
Germany should follow the United Kingdom’s lead and spell out the benefits of animal research.
doi: 10.1038/509259b
Germany should follow the United Kingdom’s lead and spell out the benefits of animal research.
doi: 10.1038/509259b
The release of radioactive material at a US nuclear-waste repository reveals an all-too-common picture of complacency over safety and a gradual downgrading of regulations.
doi: 10.1038/509259a
It has been no small feat for the Protein Data Bank to stay relevant for 100,000 structures.
doi: 10.1038/509260a
Accident at US repository highlights need for tougher safety monitoring, say experts.
doi: 10.1038/509267a
Wave of investment suggests drugs from body-dwelling bacteria are heading for the clinic.
doi: 10.1038/509269a
But more data are needed to indicate whether the slowing is a result of human-induced climate change.
doi: 10.1038/509270a
Agency to narrow down list of landing sites for 2020 mission.
doi: 10.1038/509272a
同性愛を禁じる法律や同性愛に対する反感が、アフリカ諸国のHIV研究やHIV抑制の取り組みを妨げている。
doi: 10.1038/509274a
南極で観測された初期宇宙の名残の重力波シグナルから、さらに多くの手がかりをつかもうと、天文学者たちの競争が始まっている。
doi: 10.1038/509276a
暴風雨の歴史的データの解析から、熱帯低気圧の強さが最大になった緯度の平均が、この30年間で極域の方に大幅に移動したことが示された。
doi: 10.1038/509290a
地球上の生命体を暗号化する「アルファベット」に使われる核酸中の塩基は5種類が見つかっている。非天然型DNA塩基対を安定に次代に伝えることができる生物の構築は、生命のこの基本的な特徴を定義し直すことになる。
doi: 10.1038/nature13335
天然に存在する化合物であるシトリナリンBの分子構造が、化学合成によって再決定された。このことはさらに、関心を集める天然化合物群の生化学的起源の謎を解くのに役立ちそうだ。
doi: 10.1038/509293a
成体マウスの仔マウスに対する行動は、性と性的経験によって変わってくる。このような相異なる応答を調節しているのは、脳の視床下部にあるニューロン群の1つの活動であることが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/509294a
非常によく管理された研究によって、中波帯の微弱な電波だけで、渡り鳥の地球磁場によって定位する能力を破壊できることが分かった。だが、その基盤となる生物物理学的機構はまだ謎のままである。
doi: 10.1038/nature13334
ガラパゴス諸島で得られたデータは、地理的特徴と気候が相互作用した結果、景観全体にわたって生物相の隔離と融合のエピソードが起こり得ることを実証している。こうしたサイクルはさまざまなスケールで、種生成の多様な機構を支配している。
doi: 10.1038/509297a
Some of the most recent and significant developments in homogeneous nickel catalysis are reviewed, including nickel-mediated cross-coupling reactions and carbon–hydrogen bond activation reactions.
doi: 10.1038/nature13274
Extracellular ATP released from cells during inflammatory responses predominantly functions as a signalling molecule through the activation of purinergic P2 receptors and contributes to both beneficial and detrimental inflammatory responses; this review examines P2 receptor signalling via ATP and its effect on the outcome of inflammatory and infectious diseases.
doi: 10.1038/nature13085
Natural products citrinalin B and cyclopiamine B, which contain basic nitrogen atoms that are susceptible to oxidation during synthesis, can be synthesized by the selective introduction and removal of functional groups.
doi: 10.1038/nature13273
Sexual experience brings radical changes in how male mice behave with pups—virgin males attack them whereas mature fathers display parental care; here the authors identify a subset of hypothalamic neurons whose ablation leads to parental deficits in both males and females, and whose activation in virgin males suppresses aggression and induces pup grooming.
doi: 10.1038/nature13307
Motion detection by the retina is thought to rely largely on the biophysics of starburst amacrine cell dendrites; here machine learning is used with gamified crowdsourcing to draw the wiring diagram involving amacrine and bipolar cells to identify a plausible circuit mechanism for direction selectivity; the model suggests similarities between mammalian and insect vision.
doi: 10.1038/nature13240
Whether or not endogenous c-kit+ cells residing within the heart contribute cardiomyocytes during physiological ageing or after injury remains unknown; here, using an inducible lineage tracing system, the c-kit+ lineage is shown to generate cardiomyocytes at very low levels, and, by contrast, contributes substantially to cardiac endothelial cell generation.
doi: 10.1038/nature13309
Five classical Cepheids have been detected in the outer parts of our Galaxy beyond the Galactic bulge; they are probably associated with the gas in the flared disk and, if so, they are the first stars to be identified in the flare.
doi: 10.1038/nature13246
Femtosecond resolution X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is shown to track the charge and spin dynamics triggered when an iron coordination complex is excited by light, and establishes the critical role of intermediate spin states in the de-excitation process.
doi: 10.1038/nature13252
Analysis of global historical data in the Northern and Southern hemispheres reveals a statistically significant, poleward migration of 1° per decade in the average latitude at which tropical cyclones have achieved their lifetime-maximum intensity over the past 30 years.
doi: 10.1038/nature13278
For the first time under reproducible and fully double-blinded conditions, it is shown that anthropogenic electromagnetic noise below the WHO limits affects a biological system: night-migrating birds lose the ability to use the Earth’s magnetic field for orientation when exposed to anthropogenic electromagnetic noise at strengths routinely produced by commonly used electronic devices.
doi: 10.1038/nature13290
The microbiome composition of 300 individuals sampled over 12–18 months was partitioned into microbial community types, which could be associated with the type found at other body sites, as well as with whether individuals were breastfed as an infant, their gender and their level of education.
doi: 10.1038/nature13178
Activation of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells is shown to require key genes encoding an early intermediate in bacterial riboflavin synthesis, 5-amino-6-d-ribitylaminouracil; this reacts non-enzymatically with metabolites to form short-lived antigens that are captured and stabilized by MR1 for presentation to MAIT cells.
doi: 10.1038/nature13160
Interferon-inducible GTPases are required for the release of vacuolar Gram-negative bacteria into the cytoplasm and subsequent inflammasome-mediated caspase-11 activation.
doi: 10.1038/nature13157
Single-cell transcriptome analysis enables the direct measurement of cell types and lineage hierarchies of the developing distal lung epithelium and identifies a population of bipotential alveolar progenitor cells.
doi: 10.1038/nature13173
Disruption of lignin biosynthesis has been proposed as a way to improve forage and bioenergy crops, but it can result in stunted growth and developmental abnormalities; here, the undesirable features of one such manipulation are shown to depend on the transcriptional co-regulatory complex Mediator.
doi: 10.1038/nature13084
The crystal structure of the core domain of the hepatitis C virus surface glycoprotein E2 has been solved; the structure shows that, contrary to expectation, E2 is unlikely to be the viral fusion protein.
doi: 10.1038/nature13117
Triphosphates of hydrophobic nucleotides d5SICS and dNaM are imported into Escherichia coli by an exogenous algal nucleotide triphosphate transporter and then used by an endogenous polymerase to replicate, and faithfully maintain over many generations of growth, a plasmid containing the d5SICS–dNaM unnatural base pair.
doi: 10.1038/nature13314
