As the world warms and technology improves, researchers and institutions should look at their carbon footprints and question whether they really need to travel to academic conferences.
doi: 10.1038/519261a
The public’s distorted attitude towards mental-health conditions hampers their treatment.
doi: 10.1038/519261b
The latest episode of the Nature Audiofile podcast looks at how music inspires science.
doi: 10.1038/519262a
Researchers will score more-powerful varieties of the drug courtesy of the National Institute on Drug Abuse.
doi: 10.1038/519269a
Astronomers ask federal government to honour promise for Thirty Meter Telescope.
doi: 10.1038/519270a
Researchers disagree over whether making heritable changes to human genes crosses a line.
doi: 10.1038/519272a
Letter from scientists questions commercially driven funding decisions.
doi: 10.1038/519273a
US planetary scientists dream up voyages of discovery, from Venus mappers to asteroid tours.
doi: 10.1038/519274a
流行と言っていいほど急激に増え続けている近視について、一部の科学者はその原因を見つけたと考えている。
doi: 10.1038/519276a
ブリティッシュ・コロンビア大学（カナダ）の海洋生物学者Daniel Paulyは、国際連合食糧農業機関（FAO）の漁獲高データに大きな抜け落ちがあると警鐘を鳴らしている。
doi: 10.1038/519280a
酵素はきっちり決められた反応によって大気中の二酸化炭素と結合するが、合成材料は二酸化炭素を受動的に吸着するだけであると思われている。だが、金属有機構造体と呼ばれる化合物の研究によって、これが必ずしも正しくないことが示された。
doi: 10.1038/nature14212
陸上生物圏の炭素シンクは過去30年の間に、人間活動によって作り出された二酸化炭素の多くを取り込んで拡大してきた。このような拡大傾向の頭打ちを示す最初の兆候が、アマゾン熱帯森林で見つかった。
doi: 10.1038/519295a
ショウジョウバエの脳内で温度情報が処理される仕組みを調べた2つの研究から、温度の上昇を示すシグナルと低下を示すシグナルは別々の経路によって脳の高次領域に伝えられることが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/nature14209
発光型太陽光集光器と呼ばれるデバイスは、再生可能エネルギー発生器として使えると考えられているが、光再吸収効果の影響が大きいことが、これまでその障害となっていた。新たな研究によって、この問題に取り組むための有望な方法が示された。
doi: 10.1038/519298a
現代の技術の進歩からヒントを得て、脳深部領域に低周波の電気刺激を施すという古典的な手法が改良され、マウスを使った実験でコカイン依存症に効果が見られるようになった。
doi: 10.1038/519299a
抗腫瘍免疫応答を誘導するワクチンは、がん患者の治療では効果があまり見られず、期待外れの結果となっている。ワクチン接種部位を前処置して炎症を誘発しておくと、この治療法の効果が改善される可能性があることが、今回明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature14211
A cooperative insertion mechanism for CO2 adsorption is shown to generate highly efficient adsorbents for carbon capture applications.
doi: 10.1038/nature14327
Extensive genetic analysis of over 2,000 individuals from different locations in Britain reveals striking fine-scale patterns of population structure; comparisons with similar genetic data from the European continent reveal the legacy of earlier population migrations and information about the ancestry of current populations in specific geographic regions.
doi: 10.1038/nature14230
dG•dT and rG•rU ‘wobble’ mispairs in DNA and RNA transiently form base pairs with Watson–Crick geometry via tautomerization and ionization with probabilities that correlate with misincorporation probabilities during replication and translation.
doi: 10.1038/nature14227
The crystal structure of the heterohexameric origin recognition complex (ORC), essential for coordinating DNA replication onset in eukaryotes, is resolved at 3.5 Å resolution.
doi: 10.1038/nature14239
Far-infrared measurements of galaxies in the early Universe would reveal their detailed properties, but have been lacking for the more typical galaxies where most stars form; here an archetypal, early Universe star-forming galaxy is detected at far-infrared wavelengths, allowing its dust mass, total star-formation rate and dust-to-gas ratio to be calculated.
doi: 10.1038/nature14164
Detection of carbon monoxide in a molecular cloud in dwarf galaxy NGC 5253 reveals the highest star-formation efficiency yet seen, driven by an accreting streamer of gas.
doi: 10.1038/nature14218
A combination of norbornene and pyridine-type ligand enables commonly used ortho-directing groups to direct meta-C–H activation with palladium catalysts.
doi: 10.1038/nature14214
Empirical evidence for the effect of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels on Earth’s surface energy balance is presented: the increase in surface radiative forcing from 2000 to 2010 measured at two sites is directly attributable to the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide over that decade and agrees with model results.
doi: 10.1038/nature14240
The capacity of Amazonian forests to sequester carbon has weakened with potentially important implications for climate change.
doi: 10.1038/nature14283
In vitro evolution experiments on haploid, diploid, and tetraploid yeast strains show that adaptation is faster in tetraploids, providing direct quantitative evidence that in some environments polyploidy can accelerate evolutionary adaptation.
doi: 10.1038/nature14187
The mechanisms of thermosensing in the Drosophila brain are elucidated by the identification of distinct classes of projection neurons which are excited either by external cooling or warming, or both; the neurons that are excited by warming participate in complex circuits that incorporate crossover inhibition from cool receptor neurons.
doi: 10.1038/nature14170
This study identifies distinct classes of neurons in the fly brain, which respond to external cooling, warming, or both, and contribute to behavioural response; the results illustrate how higher brain centres extract a stimulus’ quality, intensity and timing from a simple temperature map at the periphery.
doi: 10.1038/nature14284
The structure and function of CetZ, a protein related to both tubulin and FtsZ (the bacterial homologue of tubulin) from the archaeon Haloferax volcano, is reported and its involvement in the control of cell shape uncovered; it appears that this family of proteins was involved in the control of cell shape long before the evolution of eukaryotes.
doi: 10.1038/nature13983
A clinical trial in patients with glioblastoma shows increased immune and anti-tumour responses to dendritic cell vaccination after pre-conditioning the site of vaccination with tetanus toxoid (Td); similar results are also seen in mice in part due to the actions of the chemokine CCL3, and the findings may represent new ways to improve the efficacy of anti-cancer vaccines.
doi: 10.1038/nature14320
A human tRNA synthetase connects resveratrol to stress signalling.
doi: 10.1038/nature14028
A newly developed method, NAD captureSeq, has been used to show that bacteria cap the 5′-ends of some RNAs to protect against degradation, much as happens with eukaryotic messenger RNAs, although with a different modification: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
doi: 10.1038/nature14020
