学際的な科学研究を成功させるには、時間はかかるが、分野間の隔たりをなくして共通の地盤を作っていく必要がある。
Mind meld p.289
Interdisciplinary science must break down barriers between fields to build common ground.
doi: 10.1038/525289b
Interdisciplinary science must break down barriers between fields to build common ground.
doi: 10.1038/525289b
Relationships between industry and researchers can be hard to define, but universities and other institutions must do more to scrutinize the work of their scientists for conflicts of interest.
doi: 10.1038/525289a
All involved in animal research must ensure that rules for ethical experiments are observed.
doi: 10.1038/525290a
Palaeoanthropologist invites excavators and anatomists to study richest fossil trove in Africa.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.18305
Health specialists warn that stocks of antivenom will run out in 2016.
doi: 10.1038/525299a
Regulations that require researchers to disclose conflicts of interest yield questionable data and cost universities millions.
doi: 10.1038/525300a
LIGO experiment now has better chance of detecting ripples in space-time.
doi: 10.1038/525301a
Sky-watching cameras spot 86 previously unknown events.
doi: 10.1038/525302a
世界を救うために科学者は力を合わせる必要があるが、分野間の壁を越えるにはどうすればよいのだろうか。
doi: 10.1038/525305a
異分野にまたがる研究が、成果を挙げている。
doi: 10.1038/525306a
大きな社会問題に取り組むために学際的な科学研究が盛んに行われているが、難しさもある。
doi: 10.1038/525308a
記憶は脳でニューロンが作り出す複雑なネットワーク中に蓄えられる。ニューロン間の接続を操作する革新的な手法を使うことで、マウスの記憶を光ビームを使って消去できるようになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature15211
触媒の多くは固体担体上に置かれた金属ナノ粒子で構成されている。固体担体に固定された1個のパラジウム原子も高い触媒活性を示すことが分かったことは、パラジウムやそれに近縁の金属の資源を節約するのに役立ちそうだ。
doi: 10.1038/525325a
グッピーを使った研究で、表現型可塑性、つまり生物が環境内の変化に応じて特性を変化させる能力は、適応進化を制限する場合も、促進する場合もあり得ることが立証された。
doi: 10.1038/nature15214
化学療法耐性のがん幹細胞は多数の形態のがんの治癒を難しいものにしている。既存の薬剤の新規な薬効を見つけ出し、新たな治療薬として再生させるドラッグ・リポジショニングによってこの問題に取り組むことは、ある種の白血病に対する治療法を大幅に改善しそうだ。
doi: 10.1038/nature15213
銅酸化物超伝導体のX線画像から、超伝導が発生するバックボーンが複雑に割れ、穴だらけであることが分かった。この結果によって、超伝導電流が小さな空間スケールで流れる仕組みの解明に一歩近づいた。
doi: 10.1038/525329a
汚染大気中の微粒子への曝露と関連する全世界の死亡者数の見積もりは、驚くべきものである。この知見は、今後の研究の指針となるとともに、政策立案者にとっての警鐘ともなる。
doi: 10.1038/525330a
A new light-activated probe that targets recently active neuronal spines for manipulation induces shrinkage of recently potentiated spines following a motor learning task; spine shrinkage disrupted learning, suggesting a causal relationship between the specific subset of targeted spines and the learned behaviour.
doi: 10.1038/nature15257
Using biochemical fractionation and mass spectrometry, animal protein complexes are identified from nine species in parallel, and, along with genome sequence information, complex conservation is investigated and over one million protein–protein interactions are predicted in 122 eukaryotes.
doi: 10.1038/nature14877
This study describes a new model of eukaryotic replication termination in which converging leading strands pass each other unhindered and the replicative DNA helicase is unloaded late, after all strands have been ligated.
doi: 10.1038/nature14887
The amplitude and sinusoid-like shape of the optical variability of the light curve of PG 1302-102 is best fitted by relativistic Doppler boosting of emission from a compact, steadily accreting, unequal-mass binary, which is consistent with archival ultraviolet data, and suggests the existence of a binary black hole in the relativistic regime.
doi: 10.1038/nature15262
Exceptional points are singularities in non-Hermitian systems that can produce unusual effects, and it is shown that a Dirac cone in a photonic crystal can generate a continuous ring of exceptional points through flattening the tip of the cone.
doi: 10.1038/nature14889
Micro X-ray diffraction imaging of the spatial distribution of charge-density-wave puddles and quenched disorder in HgBa2CuO4 + y reveals a complex, inhomogeneous spatial landscape due to the interplay between charge and dopant order.
doi: 10.1038/nature14987
Ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism are combined in a bulk perovskite oxide at room temperature by constructing a percolating network of interacting magnetic ions within a complex polar solid.
doi: 10.1038/nature14881
Investigation of premature mortality by seven emission sources of atmospheric pollutants shows that outdoor air pollution, mostly by fine particulate matter, leads to more than three million premature deaths per year worldwide, which could double by 2050.
doi: 10.1038/nature15371
Experimentally transplanting guppies to evolve in a novel, predator-free environment reveals that the direction of plasticity in gene expression is usually opposite to the direction of adaptive evolution; that is, those genes whose expression changes are disadvantageous are more strongly selected upon than those whose changes are advantageous.
doi: 10.1038/nature15256
Untargeted metabolomics and coexpression analysis uncovers the complete biosynthetic pathway of a previously unknown Arabidopsis metabolite, 4-hydroxyindole-3-carbonyl nitrile (4-OH-ICN), which harbours cyanogenic functionality.
doi: 10.1038/nature14907
Although imatinib gives good clinical results in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), residual disease attributed to quiescent CML stem cells remains in many patients; here glitazones are shown to reduce the pool of CML stem cells and achieve lasting disease eradication in CML patients in combination with imatinib.
doi: 10.1038/nature15248
Splicing factors such as BUD31 are identified in a synthetic-lethal screen with cells overexpressing the transcription factor MYC; oncogenic MYC leads to an increase in pre-mRNA synthesis, and spliceosome inhibition impairs the growth and tumorigenicity of MYC-dependent breast cancers, suggesting that spliceosome components may be potential therapeutic targets for MYC-driven cancers.
doi: 10.1038/nature14985
The Tet2 enzyme, which catalyses de novo hydroxymethylation of DNA, is shown here to act as a transcriptional repressor by recruiting the histone deacetylase Hdac2 to the Il6 promoter in the course of resolution of the LPS-induced inflammatory response.
doi: 10.1038/nature15252
The Tus–Ter termination site of Escherichia coli is not completely efficient in stopping DNA replication, with about half of replisomes bypassing this blockade; here the speed of the replication machinery is shown to determine the outcome of the encounter between the replisome and Tus–Ter.
doi: 10.1038/nature14866
This study demonstrates a role for the Integrator complex in the stimulus-dependent induction of eRNAs and their 3′ processing; together with previously known roles of Integrator in transcription elongation and RNA processing, these results indicate that Integrator has broad functions in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression.
doi: 10.1038/nature14906
The crystal structure of the large GTPase dynamin tetramer is presented, suggesting a mechanism by which oligomerization of dynamin is regulated, and revealing how mutations that interfere with tetramer formation and autoinhibition are of relevance to understanding the congenital muscle disorders Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy and centronuclear myopathy.
doi: 10.1038/nature14880
