環境保護の努力が、限られた保護区の設定で終わってはならない。
In praise of parks p.437
Our affection for national parks is well founded, but many more areas need protection.
doi: 10.1038/529437b
Our affection for national parks is well founded, but many more areas need protection.
doi: 10.1038/529437b
A computer program that can outplay humans in the abstract game of Go will redefine our relationship with machines.
doi: 10.1038/529437a
Self-doubt is a pernicious affliction that can overwhelm researchers.
doi: 10.1038/529438a
Deep-learning software defeats human professional for first time.
doi: 10.1038/529445a
Pet project hunts genetic links to behaviour by polling owners on their companions’ quirks.
doi: 10.1038/529446a
Some welcome his latest report as a fresh way to solve a black-hole conundrum; others are unsure of its merits.
doi: 10.1038/529448a
But it is unclear how well the results match the condition in humans.
doi: 10.1038/529449a
Local expertise is required to provide detailed emissions reports.
doi: 10.1038/529450a
Warming in the Pacific Ocean helps to shatter past records, and could bring even faster temperature rises.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.19216
野鳥料理が珍味とされるキプロスでは、法律で禁じられているにもかかわらず鳴禽の密猟が増え、希少種を脅かす恐れが出ている。
doi: 10.1038/529452a
再現性の取れない論文が多く発表されたり、研究の信頼性がゆらいでいたりするために、実験の質の保証が研究に欠かせないものとなりつつある。
doi: 10.1038/529456a
酵素のCas9はゲノム編集に使われていて、選ばれたDNA塩基配列の切断を行うが、目的以外のオフターゲット部位も切断することがある。今回タンパク質工学の手法を用いて、Cas9のオフターゲット効果を最小にした酵素が作出された。
doi: 10.1038/529468a
微生物のロドプシンタンパク質を蛍光タンパク質と融合させた電位センサーが開発された。このセンサーによって、生きている動物体内の1個の神経細胞の活動を、これまでになかった速度と正確さで測定できるようになった。
doi: 10.1038/529469a
鳥類や哺乳動物は熱を産生して体温を調節しているが、非鳥類型爬虫類の大半は熱を産生できない。今回、テグートカゲの一種が繁殖期間に内温性となることが見いだされた。これは、熱産生という特性の進化の解明を進めるものだ。
doi: 10.1038/529470a
サルモネラ菌が宿主であるヒト細胞に感染する際に細菌細胞と宿主細胞でそれぞれ発現されるRNA分子の同時比較から、細菌の小分子RNAが細菌と宿主細胞の両方の転写プロファイルを変更する仕組みが、今回明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature16872
複数の若い星団中で、星の種族が多数見つかり、これらの形成時期はさまざまであることが分かった。この知見は、初期宇宙の球状星団中にあったこのような種族の特性と起源についての議論の種をさらに増すことになる。
doi: 10.1038/529473a
ミエリン膜系からなる鞘によって神経活動過程を他から隔離している細胞は、脳卒中が起こると損傷を受ける。タンパク質のTRPA1を介して起こるカルシウムイオンの取り込みがミエリンの損傷の一因となっていることが今回明らかにされた。
doi: 10.1038/nature16865
汗の分析は、個人の生理状態の継続的観察に非常に適した方法の1つだが、こうした目的に使うデバイスの開発は難しい。複数のバイオマーカーの値を測定できるウエアラブルな汗成分モニターが今回開発されたことは、画期的な進歩といえる。
doi: 10.1038/529475a
Targets for reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide are related to regional changes in climate extremes rather than to changes in global mean temperature, in order to convey their urgency better to individual countries.
doi: 10.1038/nature16542
A computer Go program based on deep neural networks defeats a human professional player to achieve one of the grand challenges of artificial intelligence.
doi: 10.1038/nature16961
A high-fidelity variant of Streptococcus pyogenes CRISPR–Cas9 is reported that lacks detectable off-target events as assessed by genome-wide break capture and targeted sequencing methods.
doi: 10.1038/nature16526
Using dual RNA-seq technology to profile RNA expression simultaneously in the bacterial pathogen Salmonella and its host during infection reveals molecular phenotypes of small noncoding RNAs in the infection process.
doi: 10.1038/nature16547
Three massive star clusters in the Magellanic Clouds show clear evidence of burst-like star formation that occurred a few hundred million years after their initial formation era; such clusters could have accreted sufficient gas to form new stars while orbiting in their host galaxies’ gaseous disks throughout the period between their initial and more recent bursts of star formation.
doi: 10.1038/nature16493
Quantum entanglement is thought to offer great promise for improving measurement precision; now a spin-squeezing implementation with cold atoms offers levels of sensitivity unavailable with any competing conventional method, sensing microwave induced rotations a factor of 70 beyond the standard quantum limit.
doi: 10.1038/nature16176
By merging plastic-based skin sensors with silicon integrated circuits, a flexible, wearable perspiration analysis system is presented that measures skin temperature and the metabolites and electrolytes in human sweat and analyses the information in situ.
doi: 10.1038/nature16521
Here we report a lithium-ion all-climate battery that very efficiently heats itself up in extremely cold environments by diverting current through a strip of metal foil to generate heat of resistance and then reverts to normal high-power operation.
doi: 10.1038/nature16502
Core isotope measurements in the equatorial Pacific Ocean reveal that although atmospheric dust deposition during the last ice age was higher than today’s, the productivity of the equatorial Pacific Ocean did not increase; this may have been because iron-enabled greater nutrient consumption, mainly in the Southern Ocean, reduced the nutrients available in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, and hence also productivity there.
doi: 10.1038/nature16453
Ischaemia damages nerve myelin by depriving neurons and their myelinating oligodendrocytes of oxygen and glucose; here it is shown that ischaemic damage is caused through the H+-dependent activation of TRPA1 channels, and not via glutamate receptors of the NMDA type, as previously thought, providing a new mechanism and promising therapeutic targets for diseases as diverse and prevalent as cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, stroke and multiple sclerosis.
doi: 10.1038/nature16519
The role of mitochondria in haematopoietic stem-cell maintenance has not been examined in detail; here mitofusin 2, which modulates mitochondrial fusion and tethering of endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria, is shown to be necessary for the maintenance of haematopoietic stem cells with extensive lymphoid potential.
doi: 10.1038/nature16500
The transcription factor Foxo1 is shown to be involved in the determination of distinct subsets of regulatory T (Treg) cells, and the differentiation of activated phenotype Treg cells is associated with the repression of the Foxo1-dependent transcriptional program; constitutively active Foxo1 expression triggers depletion of activated Treg cells in peripheral tissues and leads to CD8 T-cell-mediated autoimmunity and anti-tumour immunity.
doi: 10.1038/nature16486
The cryo-electron microscopy structure of human TAP transporter, a peptide transporter central to MHC class I antigen presentation and cellular immunity, in complex with the herpes simplex virus protein ICP47.
doi: 10.1038/nature16506
Structural details of how oncogenic human papilloma viruses induce cancer by targeting the tumour suppressor p53 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation.
doi: 10.1038/nature16481
The first structure of fully active HOIP of the RBR family of RING-type E3 ligases in its transfer complex with an E2~ubiquitin conjugate provides insights into its mechanism of action, including the ideal alignment of the E2 and E3 catalytic centres for ubiquitin transfer and the allosteric regulation of the RBR family.
doi: 10.1038/nature16511
The first high-resolution, cryo-electron microscopy structure of mammalian RNA polymerase II, in the form of a transcribing complex comprising DNA template and RNA transcript.
doi: 10.1038/nature16482