火星探査計画エクソマーズの着陸機「スキアパレッリ」は衝突によって失われたが、これは大きな失敗ではなく、今後に向けて学ぶ機会になる。
Mars-probe loss is a chance for ESA to learn p.427
Failure of ExoMars lander will pave the way for the next mission.
doi: 10.1038/538427b
Failure of ExoMars lander will pave the way for the next mission.
doi: 10.1038/538427b
Academia is more difficult than ever for young scientists. That’s bad for them, and bad for science
doi: 10.1038/538427a
Genetic analysis of historical virus samples proves the epidemic arrived by another route.
doi: 10.1038/538428a
Researchers sift through clues after Schiaparelli crash in hopes of averting mistakes in 2020 mission.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20861
Justin Trudeau draws praise for boosting budgets and unmuzzling scientists, but tough challenges lie ahead.
doi: 10.1038/538436a
Florida ecologist uses a parody Twitter account as a way of highlighting issues in science and academia.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20830
NASA’s New Horizons mission plumbs complex interplay between the dwarf planet's surface and its sky.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20856
Protests over rising tuition fees have stopped classes, closed institutions and slowed research.
doi: 10.1038/538440a
EMA becomes first major drugs agency to publish clinical-study reports online.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20855
今週号の特集では、重要な研究活動に若手研究者が参加しにくい理由を探り、何が助けになるかを考える。
doi: 10.1038/538443a
若手研究者の苦境の原因をグラフで探る。
doi: 10.1038/538444a
研究室を立ち上げた科学者は、論文発表、研究資金の獲得、長期雇用の確保というプレッシャーにさらされ、実際の研究の時間はほとんど残らない。
doi: 10.1038/538446a
細菌細胞中での遺伝子発現に振動が見られる人工遺伝子回路が作られてから16年がたつが、今回これがアップグレードされ、極めて正確な生物時計となった。
doi: 10.1038/nature19478
1991年、設計がシンプルで比較的廉価なエネルギー効率の良い太陽電池が報告された。それ以来、この発明は、もっと効率の良い太陽電池の開発にヒントを与え続けてきている。
doi: 10.1038/538463a
共同体のメンバーの間での意見のばらつきが、問題に対する態度を望ましい方向へ変化させるのに使えることが、女性性器切除に関するさまざまな意見を調べた映画によって例証された。
doi: 10.1038/nature19482
連星系や多重星系は若い分子雲中の高密度物質が分裂した結果として生じる。こうした現象は小さな規模でも起こり得ることが今回明らかになり、星形成の従来のモデルが裏付けられた。
doi: 10.1038/538466a
人間の脳は、非常に抽象的な推理問題を全く物理的なニューラルネットワークを使って解くことができる。その基盤となる機構は部分的にしか解明されていないが、今回、人工ネットワークの1つからこれに関する貴重な手掛かりが得られた。
doi: 10.1038/nature19477
「恐竜の時代」の末期のものと思われる鳥類の化石から鳴管として知られる発音器官が見つかったことは、鳥類の社会的また行動的進化のさまざまな面の解剖学的基盤を明確に示すものである。
doi: 10.1038/nature19480
A ‘differentiable neural computer’ is introduced that combines the learning capabilities of a neural network with an external memory analogous to the random-access memory in a conventional computer.
doi: 10.1038/nature20101
S63845 specifically inhibits MCL1 and induces tumour cell death in vitro and in vivo in diverse cancer-derived cell lines with an acceptable safety margin.
doi: 10.1038/nature19830
Observations of the triple protostar system L1448 IRS3B support the hypothesis that companion stars can form because of gravitational instability in a protostellar disk.
doi: 10.1038/nature20094
The potassium isotope signature of lunar rocks supports the model of a high-energy giant impact as the origin of the Moon.
doi: 10.1038/nature19341
Simultaneous measurement of two incompatible observables in a superconducting qubit placed in a cavity shows that the quantum dynamics of the system is governed by the uncertainty principle and that the wavefunction collapse is replaced by persistent diffusion.
doi: 10.1038/nature19762
Resonance ionization spectroscopy of nobelium (atomic number 102) reveals its ground-state transition and an upper limit for its ionization potential, paving the way to characterizing even heavier elements via optical spectroscopy.
doi: 10.1038/nature19345
Analysis of observations and model projections provides large-scale emergent constraints on the extent of CO2 fertilization, with estimated increases in gross primary productivity for both high-latitude and extratropical ecosystems under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
doi: 10.1038/nature19772
Birds make sound in the syrinx, a unique vocal organ situated deep in the chest, but little is known about the evolution of this structure; a fossilized Cretaceous age syrinx from Antarctica is described from a species that might have been capable of making a goose-like honking sound.
doi: 10.1038/nature19852
Entertaining movies addressing both individual values and marriageability can provide a way to change cultural attitudes towards female genital cutting within certain cultures.
doi: 10.1038/nature20100
Analysis of ancient DNA from four individuals who lived in Vanuatu and Tonga between 2,300 and 3,100 years ago suggests that the Papuan ancestry seen in present-day occupants of this region was introduced at a later date.
doi: 10.1038/nature19844
The first synthetic genetic oscillator or ‘repressilator’ is simplified using insights from stochastic theory, thus achieving remarkably precise and robust oscillations and informing current debates about the next generation of synthetic circuits and their potential applications in cell-based therapies.
doi: 10.1038/nature19841
Here, leukaemia cells are followed by intravital microscopy as they infiltrate mouse bone marrow and respond to chemotherapy, revealing that at all stages analysed they are highly motile and do not display any associations with particular bone marrow sub-compartments.
doi: 10.1038/nature19801
High-resolution three-dimensional maps of chromatin contacts in the developing human brain help to identify enhancer–promoter contacts, many of which are associated with human cognitive function and disease.
doi: 10.1038/nature19847
Inactivation of three Tet genes in mice leads to gastrulation phenotypes similar to those in embryos with increased Nodal signalling, revealing a functional redundancy of Tet genes and showing balanced and dynamic DNA methylation and demethylation is crucial to regulate key signalling pathways in early body plan formation.
doi: 10.1038/nature20095
The observations that introns are acquired in bursts and that exons are often nucleosome-sized can be explained by the generation of introns from DNA transposons, which insert between nucleosomes.
doi: 10.1038/nature20110
X-ray structures of C. elegans TRIC-B subtype channels reveal that the membrane proteins form a symmetrical homotrimeric complex, and a mechanistic model to explain the complex gating mechanism of TRIC channels is proposed.
doi: 10.1038/nature19767
