科学論文の出版後の批判は科学の進歩に不可欠だが、礼節を持って行うべきだ。
Post-publication criticism is crucial, but should be constructive p.7
In an era of online discussion, debate must remain nuanced and courteous.
doi: 10.1038/540007b
In an era of online discussion, debate must remain nuanced and courteous.
doi: 10.1038/540007b
It is crucial to fight discrimination in all its forms, but it is unhelpful to exclude conservative voices from debate.
doi: 10.1038/540007a
A change in cultural and social factors — such as overcoming a distaste for doggy bags — will be required to shift people’s behaviour.
doi: 10.1038/540008a
The drug, and others based on the ‘amyloid hypothesis’, are still being tested in other, different trials.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.21045
Cash to include fund modelled on DARPA, the US defence department’s research arm — but how much will go to basic research is unclear.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.21038
Advances in neuroscience are driving the development of therapies that could save thousands of the most vulnerable patients.
doi: 10.1038/540017a
British team is first to seek site of 1.5-million-year-old sample.
doi: 10.1038/540018a
Next generation of Trojan-horse drugs designed to minimize damage to healthy cells.
doi: 10.1038/540019a
String of publications describes attempts — mostly unsuccessful — to use proposed CRISPR rival.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.21023
電気電子廃棄物のリサイクル作業による環境汚染に苦しむ地域で、イスラエルとパレスチナの2国の稀有な協力によって、汚染除去の取り組みが行われている。
doi: 10.1038/540022a
冥王星にある霜氷で覆われた広い盆地の研究から、この地形がこの準惑星の自転軸を変化させ、表面のテクトニック活動を駆動していることが示され、地表下に大洋が存在することも示唆された。
doi: 10.1038/540042a
細胞小器官のミトコンドリアは細胞のエネルギー生産工場であり、こうした機能を果たしていくには分裂と融合を活発に行わなくてはならない。ミトコンドリアの分裂を可能にしているのは、酵素である2種類のダイナミンであることが今回明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature20482
量子コンピューターに生じたエラーの処理には複雑なプログラミングと多くの量子ビットの追加が必要である。この2つの問題の両方を軽減するエラー制御技術が開発された。
doi: 10.1038/nature20479
膜タンパク質が細胞表面に届けられる際には、まず小胞体と呼ばれる細胞小器官に向かって輸送される。小胞体への輸送経路はすでに複数が知られているが、さらに別の経路があることが今回明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/540045a
土壌中に貯蔵されている炭素の量の変化は、気候変動に対する重要なフィードバックとなる可能性がある。野外実験の結果から、温暖化によって生じた土壌中炭素の減少は、炭素貯蔵量が最も多い地域で最大となることが明らかになった
doi: 10.1038/540047a
1980年代に、近傍銀河にあるブラックホールを取り巻くガスからのX線放射が、以前よりずっと明るくなり始めた。意外なことに、この変化は過去5年間で元に戻っており、この観測結果は、こうした極端な事象に対する我々の理解に異議を申し立てるものだ。
doi: 10.1038/nature20480
野生生物の社会的行動から生じる生物リズムについてはほとんど解明が進んでいない。渉禽類（シギ・チドリ類）のつがいの研究から、抱卵を担当するリズムが捕食者を避ける戦略によって主に決まっていることが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature20481
A comprehensive review into mammalian interspecies chimaeras, documenting the advances that have occurred alongside developments in stem-cell biology and assessing the future of the field, including any possible ethical and legal issues.
doi: 10.1038/nature20573
This Review discusses current knowledge of the structure, function and interactions of the metabotropic glutamate and GABAB receptors and the potential to target receptor subunits for future therapeutic intervention in neurological and mental health disorders.
doi: 10.1038/nature20566
Genomic and molecular analyses of Clunio marinus timing strains suggest that modulation of alternative splicing of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II represents a mechanism for evolutionary adaptation of circadian timing.
doi: 10.1038/nature20151
Specific intramolecular interactions of mitofusin 2 amino acid sequences either constrain or permit mitochondrial fusion and the addition of short peptides matching these sequences stabilize the fusion-constrained or fusion-permissive form, thus inhibiting or promoting mitochondrial fusion.
doi: 10.1038/nature20156
The structures of several states on the pathway of SelB-mediated delivery of selenocysteine-specific tRNA to the ribosome in Escherichia coli reveal the mechanism of UGA stop codon recoding to selenocysteine and show how codon recognition triggers activation of translational GTPases.
doi: 10.1038/nature20560
Simulations of the levels of nitrogen, methane and carbon monoxide over thousands of years confirm the existence of a nitrogen glacier in Sputnik Planitia, Pluto’s deepest basin.
doi: 10.1038/nature19337
The location of Sputnik Planitia on Pluto is shown to result from volatiles sequestered within the basin forcing the reorientation of the dwarf planet, as supported by the planet-wide fault network.
doi: 10.1038/nature20120
To explain the position of the Sputnik Planitia basin on Pluto, the feature would need to have formed via impact and Pluto would need to have a subsurface ocean.
doi: 10.1038/nature20148
Modelling suggests that the icy region on Pluto known as Sputnik Planitia formed shortly after Charon did and has since been stable, with its latitude corresponding to a minimum in annual solar illumination and its longitude determined by tidal forces from Charon.
doi: 10.1038/nature20586
Ghost imaging is demonstrated using beams of correlated pairs of ultracold helium atoms, rather than photons, yielding a reconstructed image with submillimetre resolution.
doi: 10.1038/nature20154
A compilation of global soil carbon data from field experiments provides empirical evidence that warming-induced net losses of soil carbon could accelerate climate change.
doi: 10.1038/nature20150
Socially synchronized rhythms in shorebirds were assessed during biparental incubation under natural circumstances and were exceptionally diverse, often not following the 24-h day, whereby risk of predation, not starvation, determined some of the variation in incubation rhythms.
doi: 10.1038/nature20563
Genomic analyses show that primary germ-cell tumours are highly enriched for chromosomal reciprocal loss of heterozygosity, mutations in KRAS and have high mitochondrial priming, providing insight into chemosensitivity and the evolution of chemoresistance in this disease.
doi: 10.1038/nature20596
Inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) suspends mouse blastocyst development and the cells remain ‘paused’ in a reversible pluripotent state, allowing prolonged culture.
doi: 10.1038/nature20578
The enzyme RIPK1 functions through its RHIM domain to prevent ZBP1-mediated activation of RIPK3–MLKL-dependent necroptosis, thus preventing perinatal lethality and skin inflammation in adult mice.
doi: 10.1038/nature20558
In the absence of RIPK1, ZBP1 engages RIPK3 in a RHIM-dependent manner and acts as a critical activator of RIPK3/MLKL-dependent necroptosis.
doi: 10.1038/nature20559
Experiments in yeast cells show that three proteins—Snd1, Snd2 and Snd3—provide an alternative pathway for targeting of cellular proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum.
doi: 10.1038/nature20169
The classical dynamin Dyn2 is required for mitochondrial division.
doi: 10.1038/nature20555
A method for CRISPR-based genome editing that harnesses cellular non-homologous end joining activity to achieve targeted DNA knock-in in non-dividing tissues.
doi: 10.1038/nature20565
