地表の水の変化の大半は、人為的原因によるものであり、水の管理は最優先課題だ。
Get water governance on the global agenda p.169
Human activity causes most changes in Earth’s surface water, so policies for its governance must become a priority.
doi: 10.1038/540169b
Human activity causes most changes in Earth’s surface water, so policies for its governance must become a priority.
doi: 10.1038/540169b
Trials in animals can aid both veterinary and human medicine, but complicated rules can stifle them.
doi: 10.1038/540169a
Books have the power to trigger a lifelong urge to know more about the world and its environs.
doi: 10.1038/540170a
But the European Space Agency's participation in a mission to deflect an asteroid moon is now cancelled.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.21091
DNA proves Native American roots of 10,600-year-old skeleton.
doi: 10.1038/540178a
Researchers in the country have only just started using homegrown human embryonic stem cells
doi: 10.1038/540180a
Institutions struggle to respond after court blocks regulations that would have increased wages for junior researchers.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.21084
Economic woes wrought by globalization are only part of the cause.
doi: 10.1038/540182a
Illegal land clearing hits highest levels since 2008 as environmental policies come under attack.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.21083
英国領セントヘレナ島には、アフリカから運ばれる途中で解放され死んでいった多くの奴隷たちの墓があり、そうした死者のDNA解析から、出身地域や死因などが明らかになりつつある。
doi: 10.1038/540184a
グリーンランドの氷床が完全に溶けてしまえば、全球の海水準は数メートル上昇するだろう。2つの研究で、氷床の過去の挙動に基づいて、温暖化した地球でのこの氷床の脆弱性の評価が行われたが、その結論は一見したところ矛盾するものだった。2人の地球化学者と1人の氷河学研究者がこの問題について論じている。
doi: 10.1038/540202a
ウイルスは、寄生性ウイルス（ウイルスに寄生し細胞資源に関して競合する）に攻撃されることがある。そのような寄生性ウイルスの1つが、宿主細胞集団をウイルスの攻撃から守ることがあるのが今回明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/540204a
初期宇宙に存在した大質量銀河の1つの化学組成によって、非常に短い星形成期間が明らかになった。この結果は銀河と宇宙自体の進化についての我々の考え方に疑問を投げ掛けるものだ。
doi: 10.1038/540205a
アルツハイマー病では、神経回路によって発生する電気的振動が破壊される。この病気のマウスモデルで、この振動を回復させると免疫細胞が活性化され、病気と関連するとされているアミロイドβタンパク質が脳から除去されることが今回明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/540207a
1976年、地球の公転軌道のわずかなゆらぎが、過去数百万年の大氷河時代の氷期サイクルにつながったことが実証された。この発見は気候科学に広く関係するもので、その詳細については現在も議論が盛んに行われている。
doi: 10.1038/540208a
ミトコンドリアDNAに変異が生じているヒト卵子の核DNAを、ドナーの卵子に移植する実験が成功した。これはミトコンドリア病の治療法実現の期待に一歩近づく成果である。
doi: 10.1038/nature20483
ヒト体内のあらゆる種類の細胞を生じることができる幹細胞は、生物医学研究の主役の1つである。ヒト胚の分子レベルでの解析は、培養幹細胞をin vivoの幹細胞の信頼のおける模造品とするのに役立ちそうだ。
doi: 10.1038/nature20484
Quantum technology enables new methods for generating of randomness with minimal assumptions, certified by the violation of a Bell inequality, which opens up new theoretical and experimental research directions and leads to new challenges.
doi: 10.1038/nature20119
Wild and managed pollinators are threatened by pressures such as environmental changes and pesticides, leading to risks for pollinator-dependent crop production, meaning more research and better policies are needed to safeguard pollinators and their services.
doi: 10.1038/nature20588
Mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease show reduced, behaviourally driven gamma oscillations before the onset of plaque formation or cognitive decline; driving neurons to oscillate at gamma frequency (40 Hz) reduces levels of amyloid-β peptides.
doi: 10.1038/nature20587
S-2-hydroxyglutarate produced by CD8+ T cells under hypoxic conditions affects locus-specific histone and DNA methylation patterns, which enhances T-cell proliferation, survival and recall responses.
doi: 10.1038/nature20165
One of the most abundant modifications found in messenger RNAs is N6-methyladenosine (m6A); here, this modification is shown to alter gene expression during sex determination and affect neuronal functions and behaviour in Drosophila via the m6A reader protein YT521-B.
doi: 10.1038/nature20568
The ratio of magnesium to iron abundance is measured for a massive quiescent galaxy at a redshift of 2.1, corresponding to when the Universe was three billion years old.
doi: 10.1038/nature20570
Measurements of cosmic-ray-produced 10Be and 26Al in a bedrock core from beneath the summit of the Greenland Ice Sheet show that Greenland was nearly ice-free for extended periods under Pleistocene climate forcing.
doi: 10.1038/nature20146
10Be and 26Al isotopic evidence in quartz sand from the seafloor shows that a dynamic East Greenland Ice Sheet has existed for the past 7.5 million years.
doi: 10.1038/nature20147
Seismic observations clarify the roles of magma pressure and tectonic stress in the development of seafloor spreading during the most recent eruption at the East Pacific Rise.
doi: 10.1038/nature20116
Analysis of a large grassland biodiversity dataset shows that increases in local land-use intensity cause biotic homogenization at landscape scale across microbial, plant and animal groups, both above- and belowground, that is largely independent of changes in local diversity.
doi: 10.1038/nature20575
Analysis of mitochondrial replacement therapy shows, even with efficient mutant mitochondrial DNA replacement and maintenance in embryonic stem cells, a gradual loss of donor mitochondrial DNA in some lines owing to a polymorphism in the D-loop, potentially causing preferential replication of specific mitochondrial DNA haplotypes.
doi: 10.1038/nature20592
Changes in intronic polyadenylation of the Pdgfra in fibro/adipogenic progenitors lead to increased expression of a shorter variant with a truncated kinase domain, which modulates pro-fibrotic pathways to reduce tissue fibrosis in muscle.
doi: 10.1038/nature20160
Certain commensal enterobacteria secrete small proteins called microcins that suppress the growth of other bacteria in the inflamed gut, conferring an intra- and interspecies competitive advantage.
doi: 10.1038/nature20557
A combination of therapeutic vaccination with Ad26/MVA and stimulation of innate immune responses leads to improved virologic control and delayed rebound in SIV-infected macaques following discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy.
doi: 10.1038/nature20583
Endogenous viral elements found in a marine protozoan have a function in defence against infection by giant viruses.
doi: 10.1038/nature20593
Autonomously produced hybrid biological nanomaterials termed ‘enveloped protein nanocages’ incorporate features for membrane binding, self-assembly, and ESCRT recruitment for cellular release.
doi: 10.1038/nature20607
A conformation capture sequencing method is developed to link multiple genomic loci into three-dimensional proximity chains called chromosomal walks (C-walks), adding to our understanding of how higher-order chromosomal structures participate in genome regulation.
doi: 10.1038/nature20158
Two complementary studies describe how the pervasive N 6-methyladenosine modification in mRNA can affect Drosophila sex determination, neuronal function and behaviour.
doi: 10.1038/nature20577
