Japan deserves praise for early success, but must still exercise caution in commercializing induced pluripotent stem-cell treatments.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.21757
A breakdown of purchasing habits shows where science books fall on the political spectrum.
doi: 10.1038/544005b
Brexit is forcing agencies to relocate their headquarters, and member states to rethink their language choices.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.21762
Early studies fuel scientists’ determination to understand how immunotherapy may sometimes make disease worse.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.21755
More than 30% of biomedical studies funded by the US government are later cited in commercial patents.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.21752
Teenage mother who lived 12,000 years ago was malnourished but still roamed widely.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.21753
Debate grows over a molecule implicated in animal navigation.
doi: 10.1038/544016a
But the child's parents have decided to forego long-term monitoring by researchers.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.21761
国際的な資金提供団体からの投資が集まっているアフリカで、プレシジョン・メディシンの導入に期待が高まっているが、費用に見合った効果は得られるのだろうか。
doi: 10.1038/544020a
反物質ではなく物質が宇宙の大半を占めている理由の説明に役立つ可能性がある、捉えるのが困難な核崩壊の証拠はまだ得られていない。これまでにない感度に改良された実験によって、今後もこうした探索が続けられていくだろう。
doi: 10.1038/544038a
光合成のために植物が取り込む二酸化炭素の量の代理指標を用いて、過去の全球の取り込み量を見積もった結果、取り込み量が大きく増加しており、大気中の二酸化炭素濃度の上昇を部分的に相殺してきた可能性が明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/544039a
蚊は、その細長い翅を、同じくらいのサイズの昆虫より4倍速い速度で羽ばたかせている。蚊の飛行の画像解析と数値解析によって、これまで動物の飛翔には見られなかった空気力学的機構がいくつか明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature21904
アディポネクチン受容体の構造に関する知見から、こうしたタンパク質には、その配位子であるアディポネクチンホルモンによるシグナル伝達能力をもたらす固有の酵素活性があることを示す証拠が得られた。
doi: 10.1038/nature21900
一般的には、材料の電荷担体の符号は「ホール電圧」の符号に反映される。しかし今回、鎖かたびらに着想を得て作製された三次元構造体で、電荷担体を変えなくても、構造を変えるとホール電圧が逆転することが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature21902
ラムノガラクツロナンIIと呼ばれる多糖類は一部の果実の主成分であるが、ヒトはその消化を腸内微生物相に依存している。ラムノガラクツロナンIIの消化に関与する微生物と過程が今回明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature21901
If neutrinos are their own antiparticles, neutrinoless double-β decay of 76Ge should occur; a new lower-limit half-life of 5 × 1025 years for this process has now been determined under background-free conditions.
doi: 10.1038/nature21717
During emergency myelopoiesis in mice, clusters of self-renewing granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (GMP) are transiently formed in the bone marrow cavity to produce a burst of myeloid cells; in leukaemia, GMP clusters persist and constantly generate myeloid leukaemia cells.
doi: 10.1038/nature21693
A chromosome conformation capture method in which single cells are first imaged and then processed enables intact genome folding to be studied at a scale of 100 kb, validated, and analysed to generate hypotheses about 3D genomic interactions and organisation.
doi: 10.1038/nature21429
The hierarchical deconstruction of the complex pectic glycan rhamnogalacturonan-II by the human gut bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron reveals seven new families of glycoside hydrolases and three catalytic functions not previously observed.
doi: 10.1038/nature21725
A massive ancient galaxy with minimal star formation is observed spectroscopically at an epoch when the Universe is less than 2 billion years old, posing a challenge to theories.
doi: 10.1038/nature21680
By switching shell growth on and off on the (0001) facet of wurtzite CdSe cores to produce a built-in biaxial strain that lowers the optical gain threshold, we achieve continuous-wave lasing in colloidal quantum dot films.
doi: 10.1038/nature21424
As an alternative vehicle fuel, hydrogen can be generated in situ from methanol and water—a process that is shown here to occur under mild conditions using a catalyst that comprises platinum atomically dispersed on an α-molybdenum carbide substrate.
doi: 10.1038/nature21672
Long-term records of global carbonyl sulfide levels reveal that terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) increased by around 30% during the twentieth century—a finding that may aid understanding of the connection between GPP growth and climate change.
doi: 10.1038/nature22030
Whereas the enteric nervous system of jawed vertebrates is derived largely from the vagal neural crest, that of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is populated by trunk-derived neural crest cells that may be homologous to Schwann cell precursors.
doi: 10.1038/nature21679
In addition to generating lift by leading-edge vortices (as used by most insects), mosquitoes also employ trailing-edge vortices and a lift mechanism from wing rotation, which enables them to stay airborne despite having a seemingly unlikely airframe.
doi: 10.1038/nature21727
A sizable fraction of granule cells convey information about the expectation of reward, with different populations responding to reward delivery, anticipation and omission, with some responses evolving over time with learning.
doi: 10.1038/nature21726
Analysis of spacer acquisition in Staphylococcus aureus reveals that type II CRISPR–Cas systems exploit viral DNA injection to ensure a successful CRISPR immune response.
doi: 10.1038/nature21719
Direct imaging of the lung microcirculation in mice indicates that it is a major site of mature platelet production from megakaryocytes.
doi: 10.1038/nature21706
Using a single-nucleus Hi-C protocol, the authors find that spatial organization of chromatin during oocyte-to-zygote transition differs between paternal and maternal nuclei within a single-cell zygote.
doi: 10.1038/nature21711
In the absence of DHX9, circular RNAs accumulate and transcription and translation are dysregulated—effects that are exacerbated by concomitant depletion of the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR.
doi: 10.1038/nature21715
Structures of the adiponectin receptors ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 combined with molecular dynamics simulations and enzymatic assays suggest that both receptors have intrinsic ceramidase activity.
doi: 10.1038/nature21714
