ENCODE計画では、定義の議論も大切だが、そのためにもっと重要な問題を曖昧にしてはならない。
Form and function p.141
Although debate over scientific definitions is important, it risks obscuring the real issues.
doi: 10.1038/495141b
Although debate over scientific definitions is important, it risks obscuring the real issues.
doi: 10.1038/495141b
There is a growing recognition that action must be taken to deal with the alarming rise in the incidence of bacteria resistant to today’s antibiotics, and its implications for global health.
doi: 10.1038/495141a
Educating patients is key, but the US National Cancer Institute must keep spending in check.
doi: 10.1038/495142a
Virus might have many animal reservoirs.
doi: 10.1038/495149a
Standard control sequences aim to make genetic engineering more predictable.
doi: 10.1038/495150a
Herschel space observatory nears its end after unravelling star formation and tracking dust from supernovae.
doi: 10.1038/495151a
Graphene-like form of silicon proves hard to handle.
doi: 10.1038/495152a
Mineral proves to be remarkably clean topological insulator.
doi: 10.1038/495153a
Questions raised over protection levels for marine regions.
doi: 10.1038/495155a
国際共同プロジェクトであるアルマ（ALMA）望遠鏡計画は、何年も遅れ、コストも大幅に膨らんだが、ついに開所式を迎え、本格運用が開始される。
doi: 10.1038/495156a
インターネット上で履修できる公開オンライン講座（MOOC）の登場で、高等教育が様変わりしつつある。
doi: 10.1038/495160a
致死的な呼吸器感染と関連している新規なコロナウイルスが、気道細胞上の進化的に保存された受容体に結合することがわかった。このことは、コウモリからヒトへの直接的な伝播が起こる可能性を示唆している。
doi: 10.1038/495176a
地球中心核の元素組成の解明は以前に考えられていたよりは容易である可能性が出てきた。実験により、外核部分にある軽元素の第一候補が酸素とケイ素であるという説を裏付ける結果が得られたのである。
doi: 10.1038/495177a
ニューロンは分子モーターを使い、伸長した軸索に沿った積み荷輸送を駆動している。こうした過程にエネルギーを供給する主要な細胞内小器官はミトコンドリアであるという説に、新たに得られた証拠が疑問を投げかけている。
doi: 10.1038/495178a
数十ナノメートルから数百ナノメートル程度の大きさの小孔を含む二酸化チタン単結晶を作製する低温合成法が開発された。これによって、安価で非常に効率のよいオプトエレクトロニクスデバイス生産への道が開ける。
doi: 10.1038/nature11961
ゲノムに生じたエピジェネティックな変化は遺伝可能な影響をもたらすことがある。野生植物の全エピゲノム解析研究によって、このような修飾のパターンで共有されているものが見つかり、遺伝情報とのその関連が明らかにされた。
doi: 10.1038/nature11960
卵巣がんは卵巣から生じるのか、それとも周囲の組織から生じるのかは、議論の的となっている。マウスを使った実験で、卵巣表層上皮に細胞を補充する幹細胞が、このがんのイニシエーターである可能性が明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature11962
磁気共鳴画像化法でのデータ取得手順として、特徴的なシグナルフィンガープリントを解読することで、画像化された組織の性質を迅速かつロバストに定量化できる方法が開発された。
doi: 10.1038/495184a
A new approach to magnetic resonance, ‘magnetic resonance fingerprinting', is reported, which combines a data acquisition scheme with a pattern-recognition algorithm that looks for the ‘fingerprints’ of interest within the data.
doi: 10.1038/nature11971
A population epigenomic analysis of wild Arabidopsis thaliana accessions is presented, obtained by sequencing their whole genomes, methylomes and transcriptomes; thousands of DNA methylation variants are identified, some of which are associated with methylation quantitative trait loci.
doi: 10.1038/nature11968
Intracellular membrane potential changes are measured directly in mouse grid cells during navigation along linear tracks in virtual reality; the recordings reveal that slow ramps of depolarization are the sub-threshold signatures of firing fields, as in attractor network models of grid cells, whereas theta oscillations pace action potential timing.
doi: 10.1038/nature11973
An artificial Kerr medium has been engineered using superconducting circuits, enabling the observation of the characteristic collapse and revival of a coherent state; this behaviour could, for example, be used in single-photon generation and quantum logic operations.
doi: 10.1038/nature11902
The state of an itinerant microwave field can be coherently transferred into, stored in and retrieved from a mechanical oscillator with amplitudes at the single-quantum level, and the time to capture and retrieve the microwave state is shorter than the quantum state lifetime of the mechanical oscillator.
doi: 10.1038/nature11915
A new low-temperature synthetic method of growing semiconductor mesoporous single crystals of titanium dioxide is described; the resulting films have much higher conductivities and electron mobilities than nanocrystalline titanium dioxide.
doi: 10.1038/nature11936
Experimental evidence is presented which shows that water and hydrogen can coexist as two separate, immiscible phases in Earth’s mantle; such immiscibility might be responsible for the formation of enigmatic, extremely reducing domains inferred to exist in the mantle, and may provide a mechanism for the rapid oxidation of Earth’s upper mantle immediately following core formation.
doi: 10.1038/nature11908
The voltage-gated ion channel CALHM1 is vital to taste-stimuli-evoked ATP release from sweet-, bitter- and umami-sensing taste bud cells in mice, but does not seem relevant to the recognition of sour and salty tastes.
doi: 10.1038/nature11906
Targeted deletion of the chemokine Cxcl12 in different bone marrow stromal cell populations shows that distinct niches exist in the bone marrow for haematopoietic stem cells and lineage-committed progenitors.
doi: 10.1038/nature11926
A study of the physiological sources of the chemokine CXCL12 in mice shows that haematopoietic stem cells occupy a perivascular niche in the bone marrow whereas early lymphoid progenitors occupy a distinct endosteal niche.
doi: 10.1038/nature11885
The Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is found to have important gene-dosage-dependent and sex-specific roles in primordial germ cell (PGC) development, including the maintenance of high levels of Oct4 and Nanog and ensuring the proper timing of meiosis through the suppression of retinoic acid signalling in female PGCs.
doi: 10.1038/nature11918
The hilum (a transitional region) of the mouse ovary is identified as a stem cell niche of the ovarian surface epithelium, and its cells are prone to malignant transformation after inactivation of common tumour suppressor genes, suggesting that they may be the origin of ovarian carcinoma.
doi: 10.1038/nature11979
A genetic study of natural variation in potato tuberization onset, an important phenotype for breeding potatoes adapted to different global day lengths, has revealed a role for StCDF1, a member of the DOF family of transcription factors.
doi: 10.1038/nature11912
Human coronavirus-EMC (hCoV-EMC) is a new coronavirus that has killed around half of the few humans infected so far; this study now identifies DPP4 as the receptor that this virus uses to infect cells.
doi: 10.1038/nature12005
Maintenance of normal levels of CP110 is essential to prevent over-duplication of centrosomes and genome instability; here, a deubiquitinating enzyme, USP33, is shown to stabilize CP110.
doi: 10.1038/nature11941
The X-ray crystal structures of SERCA1a, a Ca2+-ATPase from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, in the presence and absence of sarcolipin are reported; the structures indicate that sarcolipin stabilizes SERCA1a in an ‘open’ state that has not been well characterised previously, in which SERCA1a has not yet accepted calcium into its two high-affinity binding sites.
doi: 10.1038/nature11899
An X-ray crystal structure of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) in the presence of sarcolipin, a SERCA regulator, is presented; the structure shows that sarcolipin traps SERCA in a previously unidentified ‘open’ state in which its high-affinity Ca2+ -binding sites are unoccupied, but accessible from the cytoplasm.
doi: 10.1038/nature11900
