ワルシャワ気候変動会議では、合意への道筋が険しいことが明確になったが、道筋が見えてきたことは成果だ。
Climate negotiations soldier on p.311
As the Warsaw conference on the climate wraps up this week, there is reason for hope despite several well-publicized setbacks.
doi: 10.1038/503311a
As the Warsaw conference on the climate wraps up this week, there is reason for hope despite several well-publicized setbacks.
doi: 10.1038/503311a
Changes to the international zoological code are to be welcomed, despite continuing dissent.
doi: 10.1038/503311b
Nature doesn’t usually do film reviews, but Gravity is a true great.
doi: 10.1038/503312a
President aims to boost spending and reform research laws.
doi: 10.1038/503319a
Incoming boss plans peer-review shake-up at Public Library of Science.
doi: 10.1038/503320a
Scientist struggles to maintain long-standing carbon dioxide record and more recent atmospheric-oxygen monitor.
doi: 10.1038/503321a
Some say enclosures offer protection, others maintain they are a menace.
doi: 10.1038/503322a
Geologists, engineers and social scientists are poised to swoop in before reconstruction gets under way.
doi: 10.1038/503324a
NASA explorer programme raises hopes of mapping directional light from pulsars and black holes.
doi: 10.1038/503325a
グラフェンはさまざまな魅力的の性質を持つが、商業化へのハードルは予想以上に高いことが分かってきた。
doi: 10.1038/503327a
ヒトパピローマウイルスが原因となる新型の頭頸部がんが増えており、リスク因子、検査法、治療の研究が急がれている。
doi: 10.1038/503330a
太陽に似た親星のはっきりした表面から親星の半径の2倍以下の距離しか離れていない軌道を周回している地球と同じくらいの大きさの太陽系外惑星Kepler-78bは、地獄のような環境である。だが、その存在が見つかったことは、居住可能な惑星を発見し、特徴を調べていく計画にとってはよい前兆といえる。
doi: 10.1038/nature12702
砕波は海藻に繰り返し負荷をかけ、それは疲労死につながりかねない。だが、ある海藻についての観察から、藻体の節構造は横方向の結合がなく、疲労抵抗性を付与するものであることが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/503345a
陸水から大気への二酸化炭素の放出は、全球炭素循環における重要なリンクである。包括的な解析が行われ、このリンクは以前に考えられていたよりもずっと強力であることが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/503346a
抗生物質感受性細菌の変異体で、抗生物質耐性を示し休眠状態にあるものは、多数の慢性感染や感染再発の原因となっている。このような持続生残細胞（persister）を効率よく根絶できる小分子が見つかった。
doi: 10.1038/nature12834
北米における干ばつの過去千年間にわたる変動についての解析が行われ、広範囲にわたる干ばつが数年間継続するのは異例ではないことが明らかになった。この結果は、このような気候条件に対処する我々の能力について新たな考察を促すものだ。
doi: 10.1038/503350a
他の個体から学ぶ能力、すなわち文化は、多くの動物で見られるが、複雑な文化を創出しているのはヒトだけである。我々の社会的ネットワークのどのような性質がこうした能力を与えてくれるのかを検証する実験が行われた。
doi: 10.1038/nature12708
HIVは宿主の自然免疫応答を開始させる細胞受容体の活性化を回避する。HIVは、自身の外被タンパク質を使って監視体制をくぐり抜けるまで核酸を隠しておくことで、こうした回避を達成するらしい。
doi: 10.1038/nature12707
An analysis of regional variations in global inland water surface area, dissolved CO2 and gas transfer velocity yields a global CO2 evasion rate of 2.1 × 1015 grams of carbon per year, which is higher than previous estimates owing to a larger contribution from streams and rivers.
doi: 10.1038/nature12760
This study investigates how zygotic transcription is initiated and the maternal transcripts cleared in the zebrafish embryo: using loss-of-function analyses, high-throughput transcriptome sequencing and ribosome footprinting, the important roles of pluripotency factors Nanog, Pou5f1 and SoxB1 during these processes are identified.
doi: 10.1038/nature12632
Dormant bacterial persister cells evade antibiotic destruction and their survival gives rise to some chronic infections; this study reveals that persister cells can be eradicated with a compound activating the bacterial protease ClpP, providing an effective biofilm treatment in vitro and in mouse chronic infection models.
doi: 10.1038/nature12790
RNAs are shown to interact with DNA methyltransferase 1 and prevent DNA methylation of genes at their specific locus, providing evidence that active transcription directly regulates DNA methylation levels.
doi: 10.1038/nature12598
Data from the Kepler spacecraft and the HARPS-N ground-based spectrograph indicate that the extrasolar planet Kepler-78b has a mean density similar to that of Earth and imply that it is composed of rock and iron.
doi: 10.1038/nature12768
Doppler spectroscopic measurements of the mass of the Earth-sized planet Kepler-78b reveal that its mean density is similar to Earth’s, suggesting a composition of rock and iron.
doi: 10.1038/nature12767
There are many uses for surfaces that can stay dry, self-clean or resist icing, and many applications benefit from minimizing the contact time between a surface and any drops that may come into contact with it; drops are now shown to bounce off faster when using a superhydrophobic surface with a morphology that redistributes the liquid mass so that the centre of the drop assists in the recoil.
doi: 10.1038/nature12740
A dual-task computer game played by groups of different sizes is used to show that cultural evolution (the maintenance or improvement of cultural knowledge) strongly depends on population size; in larger groups of players, higher cultural complexity and cultural trait diversity are maintained, and improvements to existing cultural traits are more frequent.
doi: 10.1038/nature12774
This study identifies a shift from canonical to non-canonical Wnt signalling in ageing haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs); elevated expression of Wnt5a in aged HSCs has a causal role in stem-cell ageing, and this is mediated by the small Rho GTPase Cdc42.
doi: 10.1038/nature12631
Staphylococcus aureus δ-toxin is an inducer of mast cell degranulation in mice and is important for promoting inflammatory skin disease.
doi: 10.1038/nature12655
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 is shown here to depend on the recruitment to the HIV-1 capsid of specific cofactors involved in orchestrating nuclear entry and targeting; when these capsid–cofactor interactions are prevented either by virus mutation, cofactor depletion or pharmacological inhibition of cofactor recruitment, viral DNA can be detected by innate immune sensors.
doi: 10.1038/nature12769
Transnuclear mice are generated from B cells with a receptor specific for the haemagglutinin of influenza A virus; the authors show that influenza virus can infect and deplete haemagglutinin-specific B cells in the lung, which might confer a replicative advantage to the virus and allow it to evade an early neutralizing response.
doi: 10.1038/nature12637
The nuclear receptor Rev-erbα, a powerful repressor of transcription, is shown to link circadian and thermogenic networks by regulating the function of brown adipose tissue.
doi: 10.1038/nature12642
Temperature-dependent alternative splicing of FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM) results in two protein products, FLM-β and FLM-δ, that regulate the onset of flowering in Arabidopsis; at cooler temperatures FLM-β represses flowering, whereas at higher temperatures, the plant preferentially produces FLM-δ, which promotes flowering.
doi: 10.1038/nature12633
A computationally designed enzyme that was evolved to accelerate a chemical reaction 6 × 108-fold approaches the exceptional efficiency of highly optimized natural enzymes and provides valuable lessons for the creation of more sophisticated artificial catalysts.
doi: 10.1038/nature12623
The crystal structure of a complex between the catalytic core of the HOIP subunit of the E3 ligase LUBAC and ubiquitin is reported, yielding insight into the ubiquitin transfer reaction and explaining how HOIP is capable of synthesizing linear ubiquitin chains with high specificity.
doi: 10.1038/nature12638
