人工栄養素なしには生存できない遺伝子組換え（GM）生物ならば、環境への漏出を防ぐことが可能になるだろう。
Kept on a leash p.411
A vital dependence on genetically modified organisms on an artificial nutrient could be a means of preventing their escape into the environment.
doi: 10.1038/517411a
A vital dependence on genetically modified organisms on an artificial nutrient could be a means of preventing their escape into the environment.
doi: 10.1038/517411a
A concerted focus on soils will benefit society in untold ways and should be embraced.
doi: 10.1038/517411b
The discovery of Beagle 2 on Mars should spur the search for other items lost to science.
doi: 10.1038/517412a
Erratic human behaviour and incomplete information plague efforts to model risk.
doi: 10.1038/517419a
Studies raise prospect of intervention in the radicalization process.
doi: 10.1038/517420a
Thought to make up the Universe’s missing matter, WIMPs are running out of places to hide.
doi: 10.1038/517422a
Engineered bacteria kept in check with a designer diet.
doi: 10.1038/517423a
Meteorologists investigate airborne jets that bring both floods and drought relief.
doi: 10.1038/517424a
古い組織が若い血液によって若返ることがマウスで明らかになり、ヒトでも同様かどうかの研究が始まっている。
doi: 10.1038/517426a
米国カリフォルニア大学サンタクルーズ校の天文学者Claire Maxは、レーザー照射を利用した補償光学によって、望遠鏡の性能を大きく様変わりさせた。
doi: 10.1038/517430a
+3価の酸化状態にある金は触媒反応に使われることがほとんどないが、それは金をこのような状態にするのに使われる酸化剤によって反応物が損傷を受けることがあるからである。酸化剤を使わないで金(III)触媒を得る経路が開発され、この触媒の力量が明らかになってきた。
doi: 10.1038/517440a
マウスでMEIKINというタンパク質が見つかり、機能が調べられた。これによって、減数第一分裂と呼ばれる特別なタイプの細胞分裂の際に染色体分離を調節する仕組みの進化的に保存された原型が明らかになってきた。
doi: 10.1038/nature14087
本来の生息環境と同じ土壌中で培養した1万株の細菌のスクリーニングから、広範囲にわたって強力な活性を示す抗生物質が見つかった。また、この抗生物質は複数の脂質分子を標的とすることから、耐性の発生はおそらく難しいと推測される。
doi: 10.1038/nature14193
銀河にはヘリウムよりも重い元素の大半が見つからないことが分かっている。銀河では、これらが混合されて、恒星や惑星になった。その代わり、このような元素は主に、銀河から遠く離れたイオン化したガスや塵の粒子の中に存在している。
doi: 10.1038/517444a
全球的な気候モデルを単純化し、地球の水循環系を介する水の移動を追跡し続けるようにしたモデルは、アジアで夏に発生するモンスーンが過去15万年間にどのように変化したかの解明に新たな光を当ててくれる。
doi: 10.1038/517445a
エンドサイトーシスは、分子が細胞に接触できるようになる過程の1つである。異例な様式のエンドサイトーシスが今回明らかになり、これが細胞のシグナル伝達を調節していることや、細菌毒素によって乗っ取られたりすることが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/nature14081
The facile synthesis of a stable Au(III) cationic complex is described; this gold catalyst exhibits hard, oxophilic Lewis acidity, enabling selective conjugate additions and a [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction.
doi: 10.1038/nature14104
From a new species of β-proteobacteria, an antibiotic called teixobactin that does not generate resistance has been characterized; the antibiotic has two different lipid targets in different bacterial cell wall synthesis components, which may explain why resistance was not observed.
doi: 10.1038/nature14098
This study describes a fast, clathrin-independent endocytic pathway mediated by endophilin, dynamin and actin; the pathway is activated by ligand binding to a variety of cargo receptors, and endophilin-mediated endocytosis occurs primarily at the leading edges of cells where lamellipodin and the lipid PtdIns(3,4)P2 ensure endophilin targeting.
doi: 10.1038/nature14067
The long elusive mammalian meiosis-specific kinetochore factor has been identified in mice; MEIKIN—which plays an equivalent role to the yeast proteins Spo13 and Moa1—ensures mono-orientation, protects sister chromatid cohesion and recruits the kinase PLK1 to the kinetochores.
doi: 10.1038/nature14097
Nanomagnetic imaging has been used to obtain a palaeomagnetic time series of two pallasite meteorites, revealing that their convection was driven by core solidification, which would have caused long-lived magnetic fields in the cores of early Solar System planetary bodies.
doi: 10.1038/nature14114
Inorganic–organic lead halide perovskite could be efficient when used as the light-harvesting component of solar cells; here incorporation of methylammonium lead bromide into formamidinium lead iodide stabilizes the perovskite and improves the power conversion efficiency of the solar cell up to 17.9 per cent.
doi: 10.1038/nature14133
A statistical reassessment of the tide gauge record concludes that sea level rose at a rate of about 1.2 millimetres per year from 1901 to 1990, slightly lower than prior estimates and now consistent with estimates based on individual contributions to sea-level change; the estimates reported here from 1990 onwards are consistent with other work, suggesting that the recent acceleration in sea-level rise is greater than previously thought.
doi: 10.1038/nature14093
The Ichthyopterygia appeared in the fossil record as fully evolved, aquatic creatures, with nothing known about their transition from land to water, but now some light is shed on this transition by a fossil from the Lower Triassic of southern China of a small, primitive and possibly amphibious ichthyosaur-like creature, close to the common ancestry of ichthyosaurs and the obscure Hupehsuchia, a group of extinct aquatic reptiles known only from southern China.
doi: 10.1038/nature13866
Whole-exome sequencing is used to compare the mutational landscape of adenomas from three mouse models of non-small-cell lung cancer, induced either by exposure to carcinogens or by genetic mutation of Kras; the results reveal that the two types of tumour have different mutational profiles and adopt different routes to tumour development.
doi: 10.1038/nature13898
Endophilin-A2 (endoA2) is shown to mediate clathrin-independent endocytosis of Shiga and cholera toxins, and to function in parallel with dynamin and actin in the pulling-force-driven scission of Shiga-toxin-induced tubular structures.
doi: 10.1038/nature14064
The mTORC1 complex has been implicated in tumorigenesis owing partially to its ability to increase protein translation; now, mTORC1 activity in the mouse intestine is shown not to be required for normal homeostasis but to be necessary for the triggering of tumorigenesis by APC mutations, suggesting that it could be a good target for the prevention of colorectal cancer in high-risk patients.
doi: 10.1038/nature13896
Here, the predominant murine immunoglobulin G subclass, IgG1, which is a poor activator of effector mechanisms, is shown to have a regulatory function, protecting against the development of IgG3 immune-complex-driven renal disease by competing with IgG3 for antigen and increasing immune complex solubility.
doi: 10.1038/nature13868
Cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging methods reveal the structure of the capsid lattice within intact heterogeneous immature HIV-1 particles.
doi: 10.1038/nature13838
Structural and biochemical studies show that the biosynthesis of the food preservative nisin involves the tRNA-dependent glutamylation of serine and threonine.
doi: 10.1038/nature13888
X-ray crystallography and EPR spectroscopy are used to characterize a soluble, oxygen-tolerant reductive dehalogenase from Nitratireductor pacific us pht-3B; the data suggest that the cobalt in the cobalamin cofactor ligates the halogen atom of the substrate, directly abstracting the halogen atom via an oxidative addition.
doi: 10.1038/nature13901
