The terrorist attacks in Paris were an assault on the fundamental values of free and democratic societies. Researchers, and humorists, must combat obscurantism everywhere.
doi: 10.1038/517243a
The preference for either cats or dogs affects science more than you might think.
doi: 10.1038/517244b
Arguments among ocean scientists show how much remains to be discovered.
doi: 10.1038/517244a
Environmentalists worried after Brazilian president picks ministers with ties to agriculture lobby.
doi: 10.1038/517251a
Canine dominance bows to tabby chic as cat sequencing takes off.
doi: 10.1038/517252a
But such cheaper, generic versions of biological drugs face scientific, regulatory and patent hurdles.
doi: 10.1038/517253a
Material used in diaper absorbant can make brain tissue bigger and enable ordinary microscopes to resolve features down to 60 nanometres.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.16667
Digital version of Moorea will provide a way to experiment with an entire ecosystem.
doi: 10.1038/517255a
Delayed DSCOVR probe will monitor conditions on Earth and solar storms in space.
doi: 10.1038/517256a
炭を多く含むバイオ炭には、農作物の収穫量を増やし、汚染を制御する力があり、科学者が検証を始めている。
doi: 10.1038/517258a
ウィスコンシン大学マディソン校（米国）の動物学者Margaret McFall-Ngaiは、発光イカと共生細菌との関係の研究から、体内微生物相研究に役立つさまざまな知見を見いだしている。
doi: 10.1038/517262a
流水タンク実験と流体力学によるシミュレーションによって、ハコフグの仲間の体の周囲での水の動きは体を安定させる影響をもたらすという説が誤っていることが証明され、この魚の形態は不安定化する力を増幅して操縦性を高めていることが分かった。
doi: 10.1038/517274a
地球内部に沈み込みつつある海洋地殻中のウラン同位体の組成は独特であることが分析によって明らかになった。このような組成によってマントル中の化学的不均一性の進行を追跡することが可能となる。
doi: 10.1038/517275a
アフリカゲノム多様性プロジェクトが、サハラ以南のアフリカ全域からの個体から得られた遺伝子型と全ゲノム塩基配列のデータを公表した。こうした成果は集団の歴史に関する手掛かりとなり、またアフリカ大陸に関する将来のゲノミクス研究の指標ともなる。
doi: 10.1038/nature14077
固定化したイオンは分子間の疎水性相互作用の強度を変化させることがある。この知見から、疎水性を調整して分子認識過程や自己集合過程を最適化するための戦略が考えられる。
doi: 10.1038/517277a
トンボが獲物を捕まえる見事な能力は、自身の動きと標的の動きに関する内部計算から生じていることが分かった。これは無脊椎動物における予測能力が明らかにされた最初の例である。
doi: 10.1038/nature14078
炭素–窒素結合形成反応で、1種類の触媒を調整して、同一の分子から反応時の条件によって異なる化合物を作り出すことができた。この反応の産物は生物活性を持つ分子の構築材料として使えるかもしれない。
doi: 10.1038/517280a
抗レトロウイルス療法を受けた患者のほとんどで、潜伏性のウイルスリザーバー中ではT細胞による免疫応答を回避するように変異したHIVバリアントが支配的であることが分かった。この知見から、再活性化したウイルスを標的とする治療の開発が必要と考えられる。
doi: 10.1038/nature14194
The African Genome Variation Project contains the whole-genome sequences of 320 individuals and dense genotypes on 1,481 individuals from sub-Saharan Africa; it enables the design and interpretation of genomic studies, with implications for finding disease loci and clues to human origins.
doi: 10.1038/nature13997
This study tracks dragonfly head and body movements during high-velocity and high-precision prey-capture flights, and shows that the dragonfly uses predictive internal models and reactive control to build an interception trajectory that complies with biomechanical constraints.
doi: 10.1038/nature14045
The origin of most chondrules (small, previously molten spherules inside meteorites) is shown to be impact jetting; chondrules form from the shock-melted material ejected from a protoplanet on impact, making meteorites a byproduct of planet formation.
doi: 10.1038/nature14105
Attosecond light pulses are now available experimentally, enabling ultrafast processes on the atomic scale to be probed; here the free-electron-like propagation of electrons through ultrathin layers of magnesium is observed in real time.
doi: 10.1038/nature14094
Chemical force microscopy measurements show that the immobilization of specific cationic groups near non-polar domains produces pronounced changes in the domains’ hydrophobic interaction strengths: charged ammonium groups double interaction strengths, whereas guanidinium groups eliminate measurable interactions.
doi: 10.1038/nature14018
A copper-catalysed dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation using racemic substrates and alkyl nucleophiles is reported; organometallic reagents are generated in situ from alkenes by hydrometallation, and give highly enantioenriched products under mild reaction conditions.
doi: 10.1038/nature14089
Examination of the global uranium cycle — whereby uranium from the Earth’s crust is first transported to the oceans and then returned, by subduction, to the mantle — shows that the subducted uranium is isotopically distinct from the Earth as a whole and that this signature has been stirred throughout upper mantle, arguably within the past 600 million years.
doi: 10.1038/nature14062
Promoterless recombinant adeno-associated virus is used without nucleases to target the human coagulation factor IX gene to the liver-expressed albumin locus in haemophilia B mice, with an on-target integration into ~0.5% of the albumin alleles in hepatocytes; stable F9 plasma levels at 7–20% of normal were obtained, leading to normal coagulation times in treated factor-IX-deficient mice.
doi: 10.1038/nature13864
A global meta-analysis of conservation agriculture principles indicates that the potential contribution of no-till to the sustainable intensification of agriculture is more limited than often assumed.
doi: 10.1038/nature13809
A comparative analysis of bacterial growth and genetic phenotypes using hundreds of genome-scale metabolic models reveals a two-stage evolutionary process that consists of a rapid initial phenotypic diversification followed by a slow long-term divergence.
doi: 10.1038/nature13827
Using two-photon microendoscopy and genetically encoded calcium indicators the tuning properties of the first neural station of the gustatory system are explored; results reveal that ganglion neurons are matched to specific taste receptor cells, supporting a labelled line model of information transfer in the taste system.
doi: 10.1038/nature13873
Here, plant HAM proteins are shown to physically interact with the transcription factor WUSCHEL and the related WOX proteins, with this interaction driving downstream transcriptional programs and determining the activities of stem cells.
doi: 10.1038/nature13853
Despite receiving antiretroviral therapy, most patients with HIV still have latent reservoirs of the virus; here, these reservoirs are shown to be dominated by viruses with cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape mutations, with potential implications for the development of therapeutic vaccines.
doi: 10.1038/nature14053
CEACAM1 functions as a novel heterophilic ligand for TIM-3 and is necessary for TIM-3-mediated tolerance, which has marked consequences for inflammation, infection and cancer.
doi: 10.1038/nature13848
Blocking ERK/MAP kinases improves insulin sensitivity thorough a mechanism similar to the actions of the anti-diabetic thiazolidinediones drugs on PPARγ.
doi: 10.1038/nature13887
The subnanometre-resolution electron cryomicroscopy structure of TmrAB, a heterodimeric ABC transport protein, in a nucleotide-free, inward-facing conformation, is determined.
doi: 10.1038/nature13872
