米国が推進している「プレシジョン・メディシン・イニシアティブ」では、参加者へのデータ開示を慎重に行う必要がある。
Personal responsibility p.5
The US Precision Medicine Initiative needs to tread carefully when revealing health and genetic data to participants.
doi: 10.1038/525005a
The US Precision Medicine Initiative needs to tread carefully when revealing health and genetic data to participants.
doi: 10.1038/525005a
Drought highlights the state’s lack of an ecological strategy.
doi: 10.1038/525005b
Discrepancy arises between New Horizons and Earth-based measurements.
doi: 10.1038/525013a
Experiment plugs loopholes in previous demonstrations of 'action at a distance', against Einstein's objections — and could make data encryption safer.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.18255
Swedish synchrotron promises to open up new avenues for researchers.
doi: 10.1038/nature.2015.18253
US Precision Medicine Initiative must decide how much data to release to participants.
doi: 10.1038/525016a
生物学から着想を得たスイッチやモーター、ポンプなどさまざまな分子部品が、化学者によって作り出されており、それらをどう応用するかが現在盛んに研究されている。
doi: 10.1038/525018a
体に装着したり埋め込んだりできる電子機器が急増しているが、データを安全に伝送できるかが今後の大きな課題である。
doi: 10.1038/525022a
DNA反復配列の伸長は神経変性と関連している。今回3つの研究により、核への物質の出入りに関わる遺伝子で、反復配列の伸長が引き起こす毒性を仲介している可能性があるものが見つかった。
doi: 10.1038/nature15208
すでに確立されている技術の1つの感度を向上させることにより、遊泳中の細菌が液体の粘性が低下した摩擦のない液体を作り出していることが示された。これはマイクロ流体工学などの分野での応用が期待できる。
doi: 10.1038/525037a
帰化した外来植物の多くは生態学的な、また経済的な脅威を与えるものになっている。帰化植物の全球的分布の定量的解析によって、予想された傾向の一部が確認され、新しいパターンが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature15206
高温超伝導に対する考え方は、当初の否定的なものから、「非従来型」でのみ出現するという確信へと変化してきた。ところが今回、従来型超伝導で新記録となる高温が報告されたのである。
doi: 10.1038/nature15203
細菌では、DNA複製の間の1個の遺伝子のコピー数変化を監視することで芽胞形成の時期が制御されている。この知見は、染色体中の遺伝子の位置が細胞の形質に影響を与え得るという考え方と複製とを結び付けるものだ。
doi: 10.1038/nature15207
蒸発したり、あるいは植物に吸い上げられたりする土壌水は、河川流に流れ込んだり、地下水に吸収されたりする土壌水とはほぼ別物といえる。この知見は、水循環に関する我々の考え方に大きく関わってくる。
doi: 10.1038/525043a
多様なクラスの抗体を生じさせるDNA切断・修復機構が正しく働くかどうかの確率は、理論的には50%である。だが、この組換えは抗体が生産される過程の方に大きく偏って起こることが明らかになった。
doi: 10.1038/nature15209
The cumulative progress of numerical weather prediction represents one of the most remarkable successes of modern science; here the many technological and scientific advances that have brought NWP to its present level are reviewed, as are the considerable challenges for the future.
doi: 10.1038/nature14956
doi: 10.1038/nature14973
The first crystal structures of complexes between synaptotagmin-1 and neuronal SNARE, bound to either Ca2+ or Mg2+, are described, and show that Ca2+-triggered neurotransmitter release relies on a large, Ca2+-independent interface.
doi: 10.1038/nature14975
The crystal structure of the 240-kilodalton C–P lyase core complex from the bacterium E. coli offers insights into the relatively unknown mechanisms of the enzymatic machinery that allows some microbes to extract phosphate from phosphonate compounds.
doi: 10.1038/nature14683
Conventional superconductivity is observed at 203 kelvin in the sulfur hydride system, well above the highest superconducting transition temperature obtained in the copper oxides, raising hopes that even higher transition temperatures will be discovered in other hydrogen-rich systems.
doi: 10.1038/nature14964
A negative refractive index, a property that does not exist in natural materials, can be produced in so-called metamaterials by combining two building blocks; here it is shown that it is possible to design and fabricate a metamaterial with a negative refractive index that consists of only one type of building block by taking advantage of its crystalline structure, and this approach is demonstrated through an acoustic superlens.
doi: 10.1038/nature14678
Probing the assembly process that occurs when single-stranded DNA is folded into desired shapes by ‘DNA origami’ shows that it can be guided by controlling the strengths of local and long-range interactions, enabling more reproducible synthesis.
doi: 10.1038/nature14860
The biochemical process of spin-centre shift is used to accomplish mild, non-traditional alkylation reactions using alcohols as radical precursors; this represents the first broadly applicable use of unactivated alcohols as latent alkylating reagents, achieved via the successful merger of photoredox and hydrogen atom transfer catalysis.
doi: 10.1038/nature14885
Soil water is usually assumed to be equally available for all purposes, supplying plant transpiration as well as groundwater and streamflow; however, a study of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes from 47 globally distributed sites shows that in fact the water used by plants tends to be isotopically distinct from the water that feeds streamflow.
doi: 10.1038/nature14983
A whole-mantle seismic imaging technique, combining accurate wavefield computations with information contained in whole seismic waveforms, is used to reveal the presence of broad conduits beneath many of Earth’s surface hotspots, supporting the idea that these conduits are the source of hotspot volcanoes.
doi: 10.1038/nature14876
A global database of alien plants, showing that over 13,000 species, nearly 4% of the global flora, have become naturalized in a new location.
doi: 10.1038/nature14910
Previous genetic studies have suggested that the Americas were peopled by a single founding population of Eurasian origin, but a genome-wide study of 30 Native American groups shows that Amazonian Native Americans also have a second source of ancestry that is deeply related to indigenous Australians, New Guineans and Andaman Islanders.
doi: 10.1038/nature14895
Two mutations in the gene DCHS1 are shown to cause non-syndromic mitral valve prolapse (MVP), a common cardiac valve disease; understanding the role of DCHS1 in mitral valve development and MVP pathogenesis holds therapeutic potential.
doi: 10.1038/nature14670
PIK3CA mutations are associated with distinct types of human breast cancers but the cellular origin and mechanisms responsible for this heterogeneity were unclear; here, using a genetic approach in mice, the PIK3CAH1047R mutation is shown to induce multipotent stem-like cells and mammary tumours with different levels of malignancy depending on the cell of origin.
doi: 10.1038/nature14669
PIK3CA mutations are associated with distinct types of human breast cancers but the cellular origin and mechanisms responsible for this heterogeneity were unclear; here, using a genetic approach in mice, PIK3CA mutations are shown to activate a genetic program directing multiple cell fates in normally lineage-restricted cell types.
doi: 10.1038/nature14665
Mitochondria have essential functions within cells, and their dysfunction is linked to various disorders; here, the fatty acid stearic acid (C18:0), which is a dietary component, and the transferrin receptor (TFR1) are shown to regulate mitochondrial function.
doi: 10.1038/nature14601
An unbiased genetic screen in Drosophila expressing G4C2-repeat-containing transcripts (repeats that in human cause pathogenesis in C9orf72-related neurological disease) finds genes that encode components of the nuclear pore and nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery, and reveals that G4C2 expanded-repeat-induced alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport contribute to C9orf72 pathology and neurodegeneration.
doi: 10.1038/nature14974
High-throughput genome-wide sequencing reveals why class switch recombination in the IgH locus, an essential step in the process of antibody generation, has a directional joining bias towards deletion rather than inversion.
doi: 10.1038/nature14970
Csp1, a novel copper-binding protein that is exported from the cytosol of the methanotroph Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b and stores copper ions for particulate methane monooxygenase, is identified and characterized.
doi: 10.1038/nature14854